All posts by Financial Independence Hub

Markets can be scary but more importantly, they are resilient

LowrieFinancial.com: Canva custom creation

By Steve Lowrie, CFA

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Most investors understand or perhaps accept the fact that they are not able to time stock markets (sell out before they go down or buy in before they advance).

The simple rationale is that stock markets are forward looking by anticipating or “pricing in” future expectations.

While the screaming negative headlines may capture attention, stock markets are looking out to what may happen well into the future.

Timing bond markets is even harder than timing stock markets

When it comes to interest rates and inflation, my observation is that the opposite is true. Most investors seem to think they can zig or zag their bond investments ahead of interest rate changes. This is perplexing, as you can easily make the case based on evidence that trying to time bond markets is even more difficult than trying to time equity markets.

Another observation is that many investors tend to be slow to over-react. Reacting to today’s deafening headlines ignores that fact that all financial markets are extremely resilient. Whether good or bad economic news, good or bad geopolitical events, markets will work themselves out and march onto new highs, albeit sometimes punctuated by sharp and unnerving declines. Put another way, declines are temporary, whereas advances are permanent. And remember, this applies to both bond and stock markets.

It is easy to understand why we might be scared about the recent headline inflation numbers and concerned about rising interest. It is very important to keep this in context, which is what we will address today.

Interest Rates are Rising (or Falling)

With interest rates in flux, what should you do? Consider this…

Positioning for Inflation – Dimensional Fund Advisors

Also, check out DFA’s video: How to Think about Rate Increases

But as it relates to your immediate fixed income holdings we don’t recommend reacting to breaking news. A recent Dimensional Fund Advisors paper, “Considering Central Bank Influence on Yields,” helps us understand why this is so. Analyzing the relationship between U.S. Federal Reserve policies on short-term interest rates versus wider, long-term bond market rates, the authors found:

“History shows that short- and long-term rates do not move in lockstep. There have been periods when the Fed aggressively lifted the fed funds target rate — the short-term rate controlled by the central bank — while longer-term rates did not change or “stubbornly” declined.”

Steve Lowrie holds the CFA designation and has 25 years of experience dealing with individual investors. Before creating Lowrie Financial in 2009, he worked at various Bay Street brokerage firms both as an advisor and in management. “I help investors ignore the Wall and Bay Street hype and hysteria, and focus on what’s best for themselves.” This blog originally appeared on his site on March 7, 2022 and is republished here with permission.

The TSX Composite Index: No longer a Second-Class Citizen?

Photo courtesy of rawpixel.com.

By Noah Solomon

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Canadian stocks have had a very decent run since the global financial crisis of 2008. From December 31, 2008, through the end of last year, the TSX Composite Index returned an annualized 10.1%. This pales in comparison to the performance of the S&P 500 Index, which has risen at an annualized rate of 16.1%. Had you invested $1 million in the TSX Composite Index at the end of 2008, your investment would have been worth $3,477,264 at the end of last year. By comparison, the same investment in the S&P 500 Index would have a value of $6,873,269, which is a stunning $3,396,005 more than the Canadian investment.

Looking for Love in all the wrong places

The composition of the Canadian stock market is dramatically different than that of its southern neighbor. As the table below illustrates, there are a handful of sectors that feature either far more or less prominently in the TSX Composite Index than in the S&P 500. Specifically, Canadian stocks are far more concentrated in financial, energy, and materials companies, while the U.S. market is more concentrated in the technology, health care, and consumer discretionary sectors.

TSX Composite Index vs. S&P 500 Index: Sector Weights (Dec. 31, 2021)

In 1980, the song “Lookin’ for Love,” by American country music singer Johnny Lee was released on the soundtrack to the film Urban Cowboy. The tune’s iconic lyric, “Lookin’ for love in all the wrong places,” serves as a fitting description of the dramatic underperformance of the TSX vs. the S&P 500. The majority of disparity in performance between the two indexes can be explained by their different sectoral weightings. When financial, energy, and materials stocks outperform their counterparts in the information technology, health care and consumer discretionary sectors, it is highly likely that the TSX will outperform the S&P 500, and vice-versa.

Over the past two years ending December 31, 2021, the information technology sector has been the star performer both in Canada and the U.S. Interestingly, the TSX technology index fared better than its U.S. peer, returning 113.9% vs. 92.4%. However, due to the far greater weighting of tech companies in the S&P 500 than in the TSX (23.2% vs. 5.7% as of the end of 2019), tech stocks have had a far greater impact on the returns of the S&P 500 than on the TSX. On the other hand, financial, energy, and materials stocks were all underperformers on both sides of the border, which served as a drag on the performance of Canadian relative to U.S. stocks.

Macro Drivers and Tipping Points: It’s About Growth & Oil

Given that differing sector weightings account for the lion’s share of performance disparities between Canadian and U.S. stocks, it is essential to determine the macroeconomic factors that have historically caused certain sectors to out/underperform others, and by extension TSX outperformance or underperformance. Continue Reading…

9 Financial Literacy Basics to help with Retirement

 

What are the basics of financial literacy that can help with retirement? 

To help professionals gain financial literacy to understand their retirement future, we asked business professionals and finance experts this question for their best tips. From attending financial workshops to creating a roadmap for your unique needs, there are several financial literacy basics to help you plan your retirement. 

Here are 9 financial literacy basics to help with retirement: 

  • Attend financial workshops
  • Talk to an attorney about Estate Planning
  • Books on Financial Literacy
  • Reach out to your Insurance Providers
  • Consult a Certified Financial Planner
  • Talk to a Budgeting Coach
  • Start researching
  • Customer Support for IRAs often is of high quality
  • Create a roadmap for your unique needs

Attend Financial Workshops

Financial literacy helps workers understand what avenues are available to build wealth for retirement. 401ks and Roth IRAs are valuable means of building passive income streams to grow nest eggs. However, there are many means of saving for retirement. Financial education can make professionals aware of available approaches and can help these individuals build a combination plan to manage finances. One way aspiring retirees can learn more is to attend financial workshops offered through community programs or workplaces, especially if these events provide the chance to ask an expert questions. –– Tasia Duske, Museum Hack

Talk to an attorney about Estate Planning

Estate planning is heavy business, as it involves creating a plan for everything you want to happen after your death. This can include details about inheritance, funeral arrangements, and so on. When made with an attorney, the right estate plan will ensure that these important tasks are completed correctly the first time. Doing this can save your family significant additional stress after you’ve passed. — Carey Wilbur, Charter Capital

Read relevant books on Financial Literacy

If you are retired or approaching retirement, get some books about personal finance. Consider these books an investment in your future. A solid library of books on financial literacy can help you to build financial awareness and navigate retirement. Being financially literate will give you the knowledge you need to make sound financial decisions now, and help you maintain control of your finances once retired. — Henry Babichenko, European Denture Center

Reach out to your Insurance Providers

It’s important that retirees utilize every financial resource they have, and insurance providers are one such resource. Make sure all of your personal information is up to date, especially regarding your beneficiaries. While every insurer is different, don’t be afraid to get in touch with any questions you have. You should always feel free to ask your insurance provider questions you have about payouts, payments, and packages that could save you or your loved ones money. — Vicky Franko, Insura

Consult a Certified Financial Planner

Retirees need financial security to live happy and fulfilling lives after retirement. It is important to make a plan for your living arrangements, income, and expenses as soon as possible to avoid financial trouble down the road. A Certified Financial Planner can help you make a sound financial plan that fits your needs and goals. Seek out a CFP’s help so you can enjoy retirement to the fullest. — Brian Greenberg, Insurist Continue Reading…

Growth Opportunities in Challenging Times

Franklin Templeton/iStock

By George Russell, Institutional Portfolio Manager, Franklin Equity Group

(Sponsor Content)

The first few years of the 2020s have been challenging, to say the least.

Just as optimism was building that the worst days of the pandemic may be behind us, war in Eastern Europe erupts. Hopefully the conflict in Ukraine can find some sort of resolution sooner rather than later, but it’s a worrying time for sure.

Amid the geopolitical turmoil, markets have experienced some wild swings so far in 2022. The conflict in Ukraine has created extra uncertainty for investors who were already concerned about runaway inflation levels, and what higher interest rates may mean for their portfolios. The Bank of Canada has announced its first hike since 2018, and the expectation is that more increases are to follow throughout 2022.

In this tumultuous environment, Growth stocks have had a difficult time. While the first year of the pandemic largely benefited Growth names, particularly in the tech space, there has been a reversal of fortunes in recent months. As inflation concerns increased hawkish sentiment among central banks, a Growth to Value rotation occurred across markets. The question many investors are now asking is just how much the U.S. Federal Reserve or Bank of Canada  will ultimately raise rates.

This decision will  be contingent on whether inflation continues at such a rapid rate, which won’t be helped by higher energy prices arising from the war in Ukraine.

Permanent or Temporary Change?

U.S. consumer prices were up 7% year-over-year at the end of 2021, a 40-year high, while Canada’s 4.8% annual inflation at the end of the year marked a 30-year high. In his recent paper on the subject, Franklin Innovation Fund portfolio manager Matt Moberg identified two main themes that will dictate market performance this year: which companies have experienced permanent change due to the pandemic, and the duration and magnitude of inflation. Continue Reading…

What Is a Credit Utilization Ratio and why does it matter?

 

By Mihika Ghosh

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Credit agencies use the credit utilization ratio to understand your credit score. The credit utilization ratio is your total credit to your total debt amount expressed in a percentage format. In simpler terms, it refers to the amount of debt you carry in all your credit cards.

Your credit utilization ratio increases and decreases based on the payments and purchases you make. It is one of the factors that help credit bureaus calculate a credit score and makes up 30% of your credit score. Hence, it is vital to keep your credit utilization ratio as low as possible to avoid debts and maintain good credit scores.

Why does your Credit Utilization Ratio matter?

A high credit ratio negatively impacts your credit score rating process and indicates that the borrower is not great at managing their credit. At the same time, a low credit ratio implies excellent credit management skills.

There are two important factors in maintaining a good credit score – first is your payment history. Late payments and abundant due payments can negatively impact your credit score. The second factor that lays of great importance is your credit utilization ratio. If you are trying to land in the good books of the lender, you need to build good credit by keeping your credit ratio as low as possible.

Most credit experts recommend you keep your credit ratio below 30% to maintain a good credit balance.

How to Calculate your Credit Utilization Ratio 

First and foremost, start by pulling up all your credit cards together, then add up all of your outstanding balances along with your credit limits. Take this figure and then divide it by your total credit limit and multiply it by 100. Your answer will be your total credit utilization ratio which will come out in percentage.

Note that your credit ratio is not the sum total of each of your credit card’s credit utilization ratios. Hence, it is important to calculate the total credit of all your credit cards.

However, if this calculation method is still too complicated for you, or you would just want to let calculators do the math, there are plenty of online credit utilization calculators that can assist you.

How to Improve your Credit Utilization Ratio

Lowering your credit utilization ratio is easy and one of the quickest ways to boost your credit score. Here are a few ways in which you can get started:

  1. Pay All Your Debts

The best way to improve your credit ratio is by paying off any pending credit card balances. Every dollar you pay reduces your credit ratio and total debts, in turn getting you one step closer to a good credit utilization ratio. This even reduces the baggage of interest you had to pay on those balances. Continue Reading…