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Estate Planning Checklist for Entrepreneurs

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By Robert Theofanis

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Estate planning is like going to the dentist. Everyone knows they should do it. But whether it’s getting your teeth drilled or contemplating your mortality, we’d all rather fill our time with just about anything else.

For entrepreneurs, this problem is even more acute. Your business depends on you, and high-priority items constantly appear at the top of your to-do list.

What I’ve found as an estate planning attorney is that my clients can get more done when we approach estate planning in a systematic way. This post contains an actionable plan for entrepreneurs like you to design and implement an estate plan.

I’ve organized the list by priority, with the most critical items first:

Obtain Term Life Insurance

If you have minor children, life insurance is the most important component of your estate plan. Most parents of young children simply haven’t had enough time to accumulate sufficient wealth to sustain a family without any additional income.

I like term insurance for this baseline protection because it’s cheaper than a permanent policy.

I also recommend that both parents have policies. Irrespective of who earns the income, both parents contribute to the household.

For the benefit amount, err on the side of more coverage and consider purchasing separate policies (e.g., two $1 million policies rather than one $2 million policy). This allows you to scale back the coverage amount without dropping coverage entirely.

If you don’t have children yet but are planning to, I still suggest getting coverage now. Life insurance premiums increase with age and pregnancy-related health issues may make it difficult to secure coverage later.

Create a Revocable Living Trust

A basic revocable living trust is the foundational legal document for an estate plan. Its purpose is to keep you and your property out of conservatorship and probate proceedings.

Included in this step is creating the other estate planning legal documents:

  • A pour-over will ensures that all property is distributed in accordance with the terms of your living trust, even if it’s inadvertently left out of the trust;
  • A durable power-of-attorney authorizes a financial agent to conduct transactions on your behalf if you’re incapacitated;
  • A medical directive authorizes a healthcare agent to make medical decision for you if you are unable to and specified your healthcare and end-of-life wishes (in some states, two separate documents are prepared for this purpose);
  • A guardian nomination appoints a guardian to raise your minor children if you are unable to.

Be sure to actually fund the trust! This is one of the biggest mistakes people make. This involves transferring title to real property, opening new financial accounts (bank, brokerage, etc.), and updating beneficiary designations.

Establish and Implement a Written Financial Plan

Estate planning is more than just creating a set of legal documents. It’s a multifaceted plan to achieve positive outcomes for you and your loved ones. So, while the first two items on this list are about limiting your downside, this item concerns your upside. Continue Reading…

Trump Trade 2.0: Which Sectors will Benefit?

Harvest ETFs

 By Ambrose O’Callaghan, Harvest ETFs

(Sponsor Blog)

As usual, there was considerable noise coming into the 2024 United States Presidential race. National and battleground polls between Democratic nominee, Vice President Kamala Harris and Republican nominee, former President Donald Trump appeared to be razor thin. However, on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, Donald Trump once again overperformed polling and came away with a convincing win to secure his second term in office.

U.S. stocks closed at record highs the day after Donald Trump’s victory. Investors may remember a similar rally that initially took place after his win in 2016. At the time, the market had high expectations for Trump to pursue deregulation and corporate tax cuts. What are the expectations for his next term? What can we learn from the market during previous presidential terms? And where should investors turn in late 2024? Let’s jump in.

Policy expectations for Trump’s second term

The first Trump administration gained international notoriety for its protectionist trade policies. Tariffs are one of the favoured tools of Donald Trump for enacting his “America First” agenda.

Tariffs are equivalent to putting a tax on imports from another country. Effectively a business that purchases goods from the foreign entity pays the additional fee associated with the tariff. The business may pass this on to consumers in the form of higher prices or may decide to take a hit on the margins, thereby earning less profits. Another impact of tariffs is trying to increase domestic demand and production away from similar imported goods.

In his first term, Trump imposed a tariff on one-tenth of U.S. imports. Products like steel, solar panels, washing machines, and Chinese goods suffered. In his 2024 campaign, Trump threatened to impose a 60% tariff on all Chinese exports to the U.S. Last Monday, Nov. 25th, on his Truth Social platform Trump surprised markets with his announcement that the day he takes office in January, he would impose Tariffs of 25% on exports from Canada, Mexico and China into the U.S., with an additional 10% tariff on China.

At the same time Trump is leaning towards increased deregulation, which has the potential to drive windfall profits for banks, big tech, as well as selected healthcare and energy companies.

For one, Trump has been a strong supporter of digital assets and cryptocurrencies. He promised to build a government stockpile of Bitcoin at a conference earlier this year, while also pledging to fire U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chair Gary Gensler, someone who is seen to push for more and stronger regulations.

Crypto has been an early winner after Trump’s victory. Bitcoin has climbed to record highs, hitting over US$93,000 in trading on Wednesday, November 13, 2024. This helped to propel Harvest’s Blockchain Technologies ETF (HBLK:TSX) to a 25% week-over-week growth  as of late morning trading on November 13.

Bank stocks also gained momentum after the Trump win, gaining on the promise of deregulatory measures and pro-growth policies. Some of the “wish lists” drawn up from banking industry bodies include a rolling back of the Basel III Endgame proposals. These rules were introduced to ensure large banks have the capital required to withstand systemic risk events. The rules will come into play in July 2025, applying to all banks with assets exceeding US$100 billion.

This is good news for the Harvest US Bank Leaders Income ETF (HUBL:TSX), which holds the biggest players in the U.S. financial sector. These financial titans are poised to benefit from the expected regulatory rollbacks of the incoming second Trump administration. HUBL has delivered annualized growth of 25.72% year-to-date, 54.67% 1-year, 5.72% 2-year, 11.91% 4-year, 3.72% 5-year, and 1.04% since inception.  It offers a consistent monthly cash distribution of $0.09 per unit, which represents a current yield of 7.33% as at November 27, 2024, and is a treat for income investors and those looking for monthly income while being exposed to the long-term growth of the sector.

Presidents and markets: A historical perspective

Most new presidential terms start with speculation about the winners and losers from a social, political, and economic standpoint. Continue Reading…

The ETF you didn’t know you needed

Investing doesn’t have to be intimidating. Learn how BMO’s Asset Allocation ETFs are designed to take the complexity out of the equation, giving you an all-in-one solution that balances your portfolio without all the stress and second-guessing.

Image courtesy BMO ETFs/Getty Images

By Zayla Saunders, BMO ETFs

(Sponsor Content)

Have you ever found yourself thinking, “I really want to start investing, but where do I even begin?”

It’s easy to feel overwhelmed: between all the jargon, acronyms, and that mysterious “ticker talk” (yes you got it, those ETF symbols), it can seem like a lot to handle. Figuring out what to invest in, how much of each asset to hold, and when to rebalance? It’s enough to make anyone feel stuck, even the most analytical among us.

But here’s the thing: investing doesn’t have to be intimidating. BMO’s Asset Allocation ETFs are designed to take the complexity out of the equation, giving you an all-in-one solution that balances your portfolio without all the stress and second-guessing.

What are Asset Allocation ETFs?

Asset allocation ETFs are portfolios built with a pre-determined asset mix. Within that mix, you’ll find a variety of asset classes, like fixed income and equities, across various indexes, sectors, and countries. Instead of having to manually automate and rebalance your portfolio, these ETFs have an automated re-balance set to bring it back to your determined asset mix, for a low cost.

For example, the BMO All-Equity ETF (ZEQT) focuses on growth by allocating a higher percentage to equities, while the BMO Conservative ETF (ZCON) has a conservative approach with a higher allocation to fixed-income securities. This flexibility means that investors, whether just starting out or nearing retirement, can find a product that matches their goals.

Asset allocation ETFs provide a one-stop-shop for those looking for broad diversification, considering each investors unique goals and desired asset mix.

Solving a Problem: The Origins of Asset Allocation ETFs

To understand the popularity and importance of asset allocation ETFs, it can help to look back in time to how these useful tools came to existence. The concept was born out of a problem faced by many investors: managing a diverse investment portfolio, while sticking to their chosen asset allocation.

Imagine an investor in the early 2000s with a mix of individual stocks, bonds, and perhaps some mutual funds. Every year, they had to review their portfolio and adjust the weightings to match their evolving goals, all while considering tax implications, trading costs, and time constraints. Not only was this time-consuming, but there was also room for human error—sometimes leading to portfolios that were overly concentrated in certain sectors or regions.

The financial crisis of 2008 further highlighted the need for better portfolio management. Investors who had failed to properly diversify or rebalance suffered significant losses, while those who had a more disciplined approach weathered the storm more effectively. Recognizing these challenges, ETF providers like BMO saw an opportunity to create a product that simplified the investment process. The idea was simple but powerful: create an all-in-one ETF that would offer diversification, automatic rebalancing, and cost efficiency. By using ETFs as the building blocks, providers could offer exposure to global markets and different asset classes at a fraction of the cost of traditional mutual funds. Thus, the asset allocation ETF was born.

Source: BMO Global Asset Management, BMO Growth ETF (ZGRO:TSX), as of September 18th 2024
The portfolio holdings are subject to change without notice and may only represent a small percentage of portfolio holdings. They are not recommendations to buy or sell any particular security.

Why does the Mix Matter?

The famous Brinson, Hood, and Beebower (BHB) study, published in 1986, found that over 90% of a portfolio performance variability is driven by asset allocation, not stock picking or market timing.

This shifted how investors approach portfolio management, emphasizing the importance of diversification across asset classes for long-term success. Most asset allocation ETFs, or funds for that matter, are now built on this principle. Reinforcing the idea that asset allocation, rather than stock-picking or timing, drives the bulk of long-term investing success:  a perfect fit for investors looking for a hands-off “couch-potato” way to build their wealth.

Why Asset Allocation ETFs?

Simplicity and Convenience

Asset allocation ETFs take care of the heavy lifting. With automatic rebalancing and built-in diversification, you get a hands-off investment strategy.

Diversification

These ETFs provide exposure to a broad mix of global stocks, ensuring you’re well diversified across sectors and regions, whether you prefer a conservative, growth, or somewhere in-between approach.

Cost-Effective

One of the biggest advantages of ETFs is their cost-effectiveness, and BMO asset allocation ETFs are no exception. Additionally, with fewer transactions needed to maintain the portfolio, investors can avoid high trading costs.

Long-term Focus

Asset allocation ETFs are designed with a long-term perspective in mind, making them ideal for investors focused on building wealth. By keeping a steady asset mix and rebalancing regularly, these ETFs help investors avoid emotional decision-making that often leads to buying high and selling low.

The T Series: A Tailored Solution for Retirees

One of the newer innovations in BMO’s lineup of asset allocation ETFs is the T series1, specifically designed for retirees and those nearing retirement. Retirees often face the challenge of generating a steady cash flow from their investments while minimizing the risk of running out of money. The T series solves this problem by offering a systematic withdrawal plan, allowing investors to receive monthly cash flow helping to ease retirement planning.

For example, the BMO Balanced ETF (T6 Series) (ZBAL.T) is a T series ETF designed to provide steady cash flow by investing in a balanced mix of equities and bonds. The fund pays out fixed monthly distributions (6% annualized)2 that are a blend of income and return of capital, which is especially valuable for in retirement.

Conclusion

BMO Asset Allocation ETFs offer a simple, diversified, and cost-effective solution for investors at every stage of life. Whether you’re just starting out, looking for steady growth, or planning for retirement, these ETFs provide the perfect blend of convenience and financial security. For retirees, the T series includes the benefits of consistent cashflow, making it easier to manage withdrawals during retirement.

With BMO’s asset allocation ETFs, investors can feel confident in their financial future, knowing they’ve chosen a product that aligns with their long-term goals and offers peace of mind in any market condition.

For more information visit BMO Global Asset Management to learn more.
1 T series – These units are Fixed Percentage Distribution Units that provide a fixed monthly distribution based on an annual distribution rate of 6%. Distributions may be comprised of net income, net realized capital gains and/or a return of capital. The monthly amount is determined by applying the annual distribution rate to the T Series Fund’s unit price at the end of the previous calendar year, arriving at an annual amount per unit for the coming year. This annual amount is then divided into 12 equal distributions, which are paid each month.
2 Standardized Performance: ZBAL.T, BMO Balanced ETF (T6 Series) 1 Year: 15.91%, Since Inception: 5.96% as of August 30th, 2024.
ZGRO.T, BMO Growth ETF (T6 Series) 1 Year: 18.78%, Since Inception: 14.61% as of August 30th, 2024.

Zayla Saunders is Senior Associate, Online Distribution for BMO Exchanged Traded Funds. As a member of BMO Global Asset Management’s ETF Direct Distribution Team, Zayla brings more than a decade of experience in finance. She holds the Chartered Investment Manager (CIM) designation is a graduate of the University of Manitoba. Since joining BMO in 2020, Zayla has focused on making ETF investing accessible through strategic partnerships content creation, and industry collaborations. Know for her client-focused expertise and investment knowledge, she empowers investors to make informed, confident decisions.

Disclaimer:
This article has been sponsored by BMO ETFs.

All investments involve risk. The value of an ETF can go down as well as up and you could lose money. The risk of an ETF is rated based on the volatility of the ETF’s returns using the standardized risk classification methodology mandated by the Canadian Securities Administrators. Historical volatility doesn’t tell you how volatile an ETF will be in the future. An ETF with a risk rating of “low” can still lose money. For more information about the risk rating and specific risks that can affect an ETF’s returns, see the BMO ETFs’ prospectus.
This article is for information purposes. The information contained herein is not, and should not be construed as, investment, tax or legal advice to any party. Particular investments and/or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to the individual’s investment objectives and professional advice should be obtained with respect to any circumstance.

The viewpoints expressed by the author represents their assessment of the markets at the time of publication. Those views are subject to change without notice at any time. The information provided herein does not constitute a solicitation of an offer to buy, or an offer to sell securities nor should the information be relied upon as investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. This communication is intended for informational purposes only.

Any statement that necessarily depends on future events may be a forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Although such statements are based on assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from expectations. Investors are cautioned not to rely unduly on any forward-looking statements. In connection with any forward-looking statements, investors should carefully consider the areas of risk described in the most recent prospectus.

Distribution yields are calculated by using the most recent regular distribution, or expected distribution, (which may be based on income, dividends, return of capital, and option premiums, as applicable) and excluding additional year end distributions, and special reinvested distributions annualized for frequency, divided by month end net asset value (NAV). The yield calculation does not include reinvested distributions. Distributions are not guaranteed, may fluctuate and are subject to change and/or elimination. Distribution rates may change without notice (up or down) depending on market conditions and NAV fluctuations. The payment of distributions should not be confused with the BMO ETF’s performance, rate of return or yield. If distributions paid by a BMO ETF are greater than the performance of the investment fund, your original investment will shrink. Distributions paid as a result of capital gains realized by a BMO ETF, and income and dividends earned by a BMO ETF, are taxable in your hands in the year they are paid. Your adjusted cost base will be reduced by the amount of any returns of capital. If your adjusted cost base goes below zero, you will have to pay capital gains tax on the amount below zero.

Cash distributions, if any, on units of a BMO ETF (other than accumulating units or units subject to a distribution reinvestment plan) are expected to be paid primarily out of dividends or distributions, and other income or gains, received by the BMO ETF less the expenses of the BMO ETF, but may also consist of non-taxable amounts including returns of capital, which may be paid in the manager’s sole discretion. To the extent that the expenses of a BMO ETF exceed the income generated by such BMO ETF in any given month, quarter, or year, as the case may be, it is not expected that a monthly, quarterly, or annual distribution will be paid. Distributions, if any, in respect of the accumulating units of BMO Short Corporate Bond Index ETF, BMO Short Federal Bond Index ETF, BMO Short Provincial Bond Index ETF, BMO Ultra Short-Term Bond ETF and BMO Ultra Short-Term US Bond ETF will be automatically reinvested in additional accumulating units of the applicable BMO ETF. Following each distribution, the number of accumulating units of the applicable BMO ETF will be immediately consolidated so that the number of outstanding accumulating units of the applicable BMO ETF will be the same as the number of outstanding accumulating units before the distribution. Non-resident unitholders may have the number of securities reduced due to withholding tax. Certain BMO ETFs have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan, which provides that a unitholder may elect to automatically reinvest all cash distributions paid on units held by that unitholder in additional units of the applicable BMO ETF in accordance with the terms of the distribution reinvestment plan. For further information, see the distribution policy in the BMO ETFs’ prospectus.

Index returns do not reflect transactions costs, or the deduction of other fees and expenses and it is not possible to invest directly in an Index. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
The Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC or its affiliates (“SPDJI”), and has been licensed for use by the Manager. S&P®, S&P 500®, US 500, The 500, iBoxx®, iTraxx® and CDX® are trademarks of S&P Global, Inc. or its affiliates (“S&P”) and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”), and these trademarks have been licensed for use by SPDJI and sublicensed for certain purposes by the Manager. The ETF is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by SPDJI, Dow Jones, S&P, their respective affiliates, and none of such parties make any representation regarding the advisability of investing in such product(s) nor do they have any liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions of the Index.
The ETF referred to herein is not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by MSCI and MSCI bears no liability with respect to the ETF or any index on which such ETF is based. The ETF’s prospectus contains a more detailed description of the limited relationship MSCI has with the Manager and any related ETF.
Commissions, management fees and expenses all may be associated with investments in exchange traded funds. Please read the ETF Facts or prospectus of the BMO ETFs before investing. The indicated rates of return are the historical annual compounded total returns including changes in unit value and reinvestment of all dividends or distributions and do not take into account sales, redemption, distribution or optional charges or income taxes payable by any unitholder that would have reduced returns. Exchange traded funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and past performance may not be repeated.

For a summary of the risks of an investment in the BMO ETFs, please see the specific risks set out in the BMO ETF’s prospectus. BMO ETFs trade like stocks, fluctuate in market value and may trade at a discount to their net asset value, which may increase the risk of loss. Distributions are not guaranteed and are subject to change and/or elimination.

BMO ETFs are managed by BMO Asset Management Inc., which is an investment fund manager and a portfolio manager, and a separate legal entity from Bank of Montreal. 
BMO Global Asset Management is a brand name under which BMO Asset Management Inc. and BMO Investments Inc. operate.

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Inflation is much riskier than Financial Planning Software makes it out to be

Deposit Photos

By Michael J. Wiener

Special to Financial Independence Hub

As we’ve learned in recent years, inflation can rise up and make life’s necessities expensive.  Despite the best efforts of central bankers to control inflation through the economic shocks caused by Covid-19, inflation rose significantly for nearly 3 years in both Canada and the U.S.

Uncertainty about future inflation is an important risk in financial planning, but most financial planning software treats inflation as far less risky than it really is.  This makes projections of the probability of success of a financial plan inaccurate.  Here we analyze the nature of inflation and explain the implications for financial planning.

Historical inflation

Over the past century, inflation has averaged 2.9% per year in both Canada and the U.S.(*)  However, the standard deviation of annual inflation has been 3.6% in Canada and 3.7% in the U.S.  This shows that inflation has been much more volatile than we became used to in the 2 or 3 decades before Covid-19 appeared.  In 22 out of 100 years, inflation in Canada was more than one standard deviation away from the average, i.e., either less than -0.7% or more than 6.5%.(**)  Results were similar in the U.S.

Historical inflation has been far wilder than the tame inflation we experienced from 1992 to 2020.  And the news gets worse.  Within reason, a single year of inflation is not a big deal to a long-term financial plan; what matters is inflation over decades.  It turns out that inflation is wilder over decades than we’d expect by examining just annual figures with the assumption that each year is independent of previous years.

The standard deviation of Canadian inflation over the twenty 5-year periods is 14%, and over the ten decades is 27%.  Based on assuming independent annual inflation amounts, we would have expected these standard deviation figures to be only 8% and 11%.  How could the actual numbers be so much higher?  It turns out that inflation goes in trends.  This year’s inflation is highly correlated with last year’s inflation.  Rather than a correlation of zero, the correlation from one year to the next is 66% in Canada and 67% in the U.S.(***)

Even successive 5-year inflation samples have a correlation of 60% in Canada and 56% in the U.S.  It’s only when we examine successive decades of inflation that correlation drops to 23% in Canada and 21% in the U.S.  This is low enough that we could treat successive decades of inflation as independent, but we can’t reasonably do this for successive years.

How relevant is older inflation data?

Some might argue that old inflation data isn’t relevant; we should use recent inflation data as more representative of what we’ll see in the future.  After all, central banks had a good handle on inflation for a long time.  Let’s test this argument.

From 1992 to 2020, inflation in Canada averaged 1.72% with a standard deviation of 0.94%.  Using this period as a guide, the inflation that followed was shocking.  In the 32 months ending in August 2023, inflation was a total of 15.5%.  Using the 1992 to 2020 period as a model, the probability that the later 32 months could have had such high inflation is absurdly low: about 1 in 10 billion.(****)

It may be that older inflation data is less relevant, but our recent bout of inflation proves that the 1992 to 2020 period cannot reasonably be used as a model for future inflation.  There is room for compromise here, but any reasonable model must allow for the possibility of future bouts of higher inflation.

Implications

It’s important to remember that once a bout of inflation has been tamed, the damage is already done.  Prices have jumped quickly and will start climbing slower from their new high levels.  If there has been 10% excess inflation over some period, all long-term bonds and future annuity payments will be worth 10% less in real purchasing power than our financial plans anticipated.  This is a serious threat to people’s finances.

We often hear that government bonds are risk-free if held to maturity.  This is only true when we measure risk in nominal dollars.  Because spending rises with inflation, our consumption is in real (inflation-adjusted) dollars.  Bonds held to maturity are exposed to the full volatility of inflation.  We need to acknowledge that bonds have significant risk.  Only inflation-protected government bonds are free of risk. Continue Reading…

Retired Money: A Canadian immigration success story

My latest MoneySense Retired Money column is a bit of a departure in that its focus is on 57-year old blogger and YouTuber Alain Guillot, who came to Canada from Columbia with nothing but entrepreneurial gumption and a dream of being part of the North America depicted on TV at home.

For the full MoneySense column, click on this headline: The first $100,000 is the hardest to save for newcomers.  

The re-election of Donald Trump is almost certain to make Immigration an even more contentious issue. However, as I am myself the child of (British) immigrants I am naturally sympathetic to those who are brave or desperate enough to leave the land of their births to find opportunities in North America.

Which is one reason that over the past year, I’ve been corresponding with an interesting blogger and former financial advisor, Alain Guillot, and occasionally republish his blogs on my site, Findependence Hub. It’s called simply AlainGuillot.com

           He aims to write at least one blog a week and has 600 subscribers on his YouTube channel,  where he is more than half way to being able to monetize it. Now Guillot has just self-published a short e-book entitled The Wealth Paradox: Navigating Money, Free will, and Success, which you can find on Kindle for a very reasonable price. The subtitle explains more: How unconventional thinking influences your Financial and Personal Life.

Side hustles and Entrepreneurism

           One reason Guillot got my attention in the first place was that he emigrated to Canada from Colombia, a place I once visited (San Andres). He soon discovered he was almost forced to become an entrepreneur in Canada. Continue Reading…