All posts by Financial Independence Hub

A beginner’s guide to Fixed Rate Mortgages

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By Rebecca Hills

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Fixed rate mortgages are very popular in Canada. In fact, of the 6 million mortgages that have been taken out by Canadians, 60% are fixed rate mortgages. A fixed rate mortgage agreement stipulates that the borrower will be required to pay interest on their mortgage that will not fluctuate for a set period of time. Presently, the most popular mortgage in Canada is a three-year fixed rate mortgage.

In addition, interest rates for fixed mortgages will differ, depending on the province that you are living in, as well as the number of years on the term, and also the financial institution that you borrow from. Different mortgage brokers will also offer different rates, so doing your homework beforehand, while understanding your unique financial goals and situation, will help you avoid any headaches down the line. Here, our goal is to provide you with a beginner’s guide to the fixed rate mortgage scheme.

What is meant by Fixed Rate Mortgage?

As mentioned, roughly two thirds of Canadians opt for a fixed rate mortgage over a variable rate mortgage. A fixed rate mortgage is designed for people who are averse to risk, as having a set interest rate will eliminate the risk of interest rates suddenly skyrocketing in the future. Imagine a situation where interest rates increase exponentially and you are unable to afford the sudden spike in rates. Such a possibility would not be an issue when you lock in an interest rate for the entire term of your loan.

Also, please note that you don’t have to stick with a fixed rate mortgage forever. For instance, if you receive a job promotion or inherit some money then you may be more comfortable taking a risk and switching to a variable rate mortgage. Once your mortgage has reached the end of its term you can consult with your broker in order to determine if switching to a variable rate mortgage may be the better option when it comes time to refinance your home.

Evidently, in some cases a variable rate mortgage may be the better option, if interest rates happen to be low when you sign, and remain relatively low throughout the term of your mortgage. As can be seen, both fixed rate and variable rate mortgages have their pros and cons, so if you are not sure with which to go with speaking to a financial advisor or broker may help with your dilemma.

Should I choose a fixed or variable rate mortgage?

There are many advantages to fixed rate mortgages. For instance, you won’t have to worry about your payments increasing over the duration of the mortgage term. There are also many options to choose from, from 2- or 3-year terms, to 5- or 10-year terms. In some cases you may also have the option to sign a 6-month fixed rate mortgage or one as long as 25 years. There is also the matter of certainty, as you will know exactly what your mortgage will cost at all times. Knowing exactly how much you will be required to pay will also streamline your billing, and also help you create a budget that is safe and secure. Continue Reading…

9 MoneySense ETF All-Star experts unveil their new Desert Island Picks

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A new feature this year is Desert Island picks: the 9 MoneySense panelists each pick the one ETF they’d be happy to buy and hold while stranded on a desert island.

By Dale Roberts, CutTheCrapInvesting

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

I was a panelist for the Best ETFs in Canada. That was an incredible experience and I thank Jonathan Chevreau and MoneySense for the opportunity. When you land on that page you can have a look at the full panelist list, and the bios. It’s an incredible list of ETF experts and of course I am humbled to be included.

From that main landing page simply hit those buttons to have a look at the ‘Best’ Canadian, US, International and Fixed Income offerings. The all-in-one ETFs page includes those popular asset allocation ETFs that deliver ‘complete’ and well diversified and re-balanced portfolios with annual fees in the range of .20%. As Robb Engen of Boomer and Echo offered ‘those ETFs are a game changer’.

Do you really even need to get into the minutia of each individual assets for each region and each fixed income offering? We know that our basic asset allocation; the overall mix of Canadian to US to International stocks plus the ratio of stocks to fixed income will take care of the bulk of our returns and risk characteristics. Many investors are embracing these one ticket solutions, they’ve pulled in considerable assets in quick order. Here’s a little help on how to select the ‘right one’. Please have a read of Which Vanguard All-In-One, One-Ticket Portfolio Should You Invest In?

Vanguard got the nod from the MoneySense panel. That said, the offerings from iShares and BMO are all great. They have some slight differences with respect to asset allocation. Here’s BMO Keeps It Simple With Their One-Ticket Solutions.

But of course the self-directed investor will often want to shape their own portfolio. They may be able to order and arrange assets for greater tax efficiency. We can select ETFs that allow us to avoid US withholding taxes. We can create portfolios with greater growth potential. Many self-directed investors want control.

Not a lot of change, but change is a coming

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As Jonathan Chevreau notes in the overview “Despite some major changes in our panel of experts, this year’s ranking has in the main affirmed most of our “All-star” picks from previous years and in particular 2018.” This is plain vanilla, couch potato investing for the most part. It’s supposed to be boring. The lists include broad-based market indices and many core bond offerings. There is nothing ‘too exotic’ going on here. With fees at a rock bottom level, it’s difficult to replace the core large cap or total market index funds.

But what about that change that might be on its way?

Indexing does not have to be plain vanilla. We might be able to arrange our portfolios to deliver greater returns or better risk adjusted returns. Retirees might be able to create a wonderful mix of income and growth that delivers more generous and more reliable retirement funding. Indexing can deliver on that factor-based investing that can include the size premium (small and mid cap and equal weight), lower volatility, value, quality and more. For now, those types of funds are not on the lists but I would not be surprised to see new categories created to cover the spectrum.

I would also like to see REITs and foreign bonds included in the mix.

Continue Reading…

Don’t doze off on the Euro

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By Jeff Weniger, WisdomTree Investments

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

It seems like things go bump in the night only when you’re deep asleep.

Doze off on the currency markets if you choose, but don’t come crying to us if you fall out of bed because the euro wakes you with a bang.

You can be forgiven for taking your eyes off EUR/CAD lately, with all the urgent drama in Q4. But the euro may jolt you awake—trading ranges are meant to be broken (see figure 1).

Figure 1: EUR vs. CAD

Figure 1_EUR vs. CAD

Street Consensus

Wall Street doesn’t publish many EUR versus CAD forecasts. But there is plenty on both currencies relative to the USD. Fortunately, if you know Street consensus on currency A vs. B and A vs. C, you can back into the strategists’ views of B vs. C.

Let’s do that.

Figure 2 shows the 15 most recently published forecasts for CAD and EUR vs. USD, with the arithmetic for EUR vs. CAD. Sentiment on this pair is mixed, with the median and average forecast coming in 2 cents off of the spot rate. Continue Reading…

Instead of helping investors ravaged by fees, Ottawa plays gotcha on total returns for the “rich”

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HorizonsETFs.com

 

By Dale Roberts, CuttheCrapInvesting

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

The week just completed was budget week in Canada. And government finances certainly get most of the attention and most of the ink. But there were some investment issues that made it into Budget 2019. Not the larger societal issue of Canadians paying the highest mutual fund fees in the developed world combined with the standard and unscrupulous and unethical practices of the typical financial ‘advisor’ in Canada.

Nope, this made it into the budget. From a post on holypotato.net and John Robertson the author of The Value of Simple:

The derivative transaction mention means they will target total return ETFs such as Horizons’ TSX 60 Total Return (TRI) index ETF. Here’s the link to HXT, which replicates the TSX 60 by way of swaps. These funds are derivative based and they can be incredibly tax efficient. They remove the funds’ income. From Dan Bortolotti in this MoneySense article…

There are several advantages to building an ETF with a swap rather than holding the stocks or bonds directly. The first is tax-efficiency. The most important advantage of swap-based ETFs is their potential to defer or reduce taxes. As we’ve noted, these ETFs do not pay dividends or interest, which means you won’t be taxed on any income as long as you hold your units. All of the gains in the fund are considered capital gains, which are not taxable until you eventually sell the holding. And even then, capital gains are taxed at only half the rate of regular interest income and foreign dividends. (Canadian dividends enjoy favourable tax treatment too, but for high-income earners, capital gains are still taxed at a lower rate.)

And this ETF allows Canadians to invest at an incredibly low MER of just .03% with rebate. Horizons offers a suite of total return funds that includes US and International stock indices plus Canadian and US bonds. One could build a tax-efficient portfolio. [Editor’s Note: The chart shown at the top of the Hub version of this blog shows a Horizon bond ETF that operates along similar principles.]

Eat the rich investors

There is almost $1.9 billion in the HXT. There is well over $1.6 trillion in Canadian mutual funds. Now certainly not all of those funds are crap, but most of ’em are quite poor due to average fees in the area of 2.2% annual. Of course couch potato investors will know that passive low fee index investing drastically outperforms high fee actively managed funds over longer periods.

So instead of going after the 2.2% fee junk, they go after the .03% offering.

I’d estimate that the amount that Canadians pay and lose needlessly to high fees is in the range of $20,000,000,000 or more annually. Yes that’s $20 billion. That’s massive. It’s so massive it’s the size of our annual deficit projections. Ha. I’m not sure that picking up some tax scraps to the tune of tens of millions of dollars from swap based funds is going to close the deficit gap. Continue Reading…

Insurance and Marijuana: recent changes make Insurers scratch their heads

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By Lorne Marr, CFP

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

When marijuana laws changed in Canada last year, it had a ripple effect through several industries, including life insurance underwriting. Insurers had to come up with a solution for how to cover customers who are marijuana users.

To achieve this solution, insurers researched the following:

  • Are all marijuana users the same?
  • How much risk does marijuana represent from the insurer’s perspective when compared to traditional smoking?
  • Should joints (smoking) and edibles be treated differently?
  • What does the long-term data show about the risks, if any, between marijuana use and health?
  • Is marijuana habit-forming and if so, should it be considered an addiction risk?
  • Does the amount per use and frequency per week matter?
  • What are the differentiators between medical and recreational use?

We dug deeper into these topics to understand the details of offering insurance to people who use marijuana either for medication or recreational purposes. We also requested replies from several insurance companies, asking them how they view marijuana/cannabis consumption cases and how term life insurance, whole life insurance and other insurance products are provided for marijuana users.

Also, please feel free to review our detailed life insurance guide for marijuana users.

Not all Insurers treat Joints and Edibles equally

Interestingly, not all insurers treat joints and edibles as the same product! This is where you should pay close attention as a customer because this fact will strongly impact your premiums and ability to qualify for less expensive policies.

Here are the two approaches insurers choose:

  1. Joints and edibles are the same
    This means, if you consumer marijuana in any from more frequently than a pre-defined threshold, the insurer will consider you an increased risk, similar to smokers.
  1. Consumption of edibles is not considered smoking
    In this case a customer will be deemed a non-smoker even if he/she uses marijuana daily. That relates not only to edibles, but also to other non-smoking marijuana intakes such as oils. An example of a company that treats their customers in this way is Canada Protection Plan (CPP).

How much Marijuana is too much for Insurers?

There is a clear difference between being an occasional marijuana user lightning up a joint once a month versus a daily user. In the past, insurance companies defined a risk threshold by two joints/marijuana intakes per week. Meanwhile, some insurers are more relaxed and accept four intakes per week. Again, that is different from insurer to insurer and working with an experienced insurance broker will help to find the best policy for your situation.

What happens if you are a more “active” marijuana consumer? Well, in this case be prepared to pay extra for your insurance plan as your insurer would see you being as risky as a smoker.

Which companies are offering Insurance products to Cannabis users?

In the past there were just two insurers that were treating cannabis users as non-smokers: Sun Life and BMO Insurance. Meanwhile the situation has changed and now virtually every insurer treats infrequent marijuana users as non-smokers, allowing them to benefit from lower rates. Continue Reading…