Decumulate & Downsize

Most of your investing life you and your adviser (if you have one) are focused on wealth accumulation. But, we tend to forget, eventually the whole idea of this long process of delayed gratification is to actually spend this money! That’s decumulation as opposed to wealth accumulation. This stage may also involve downsizing from larger homes to smaller ones or condos, moving to the country or otherwise simplifying your life and jettisoning possessions that may tie you down.

When to rebalance Stocks in Retirement and the Accumulation stage

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By Dale Roberts, Retirement Club/Cutthecrapinvesting

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Most Canadian Do-it-yourself (DIY) investors are hybrid. They own a basket of Canadian stocks and largely manage U.S. and international diversification by holding ETFs. The ETFs are managed for you; that means the holdings (stocks and bonds) are rebalanced for you. When you hold a portfolio of individual stocks you will have to manage your own rebalancing.

When to rebalance your stocks in retirement offers its own considerations. It can be a different ball game when we consider RRSPs and TFSAs where there are no tax ramifications, compared to taxable accounts where every buy and sell is a taxable event. In the Globe & Mail, Norm Rothery offered up a wonderful study of rebalancing schedules. We can start with which rebalancing strategies might create the greatest total return over time.

We’ll start with the good news. Canadian blue-chip stock portfolios have historically outperformed the market over longer periods. Here’s the chart, once again courtesy of Norm Rothery …

As a measure of blue chip we can start with the strategy of investing in the 100 largest stocks with out-performance of almost 2.5% annual compared to the TSX. That advantage increases as we move to the low-volatility strategy that I have suggested for consideration (from the beginning of this blog in 2018). As always this is not advice. But investors who create their own stock portfolios might prosper from understanding the history of Canadian stocks.

The Canadian low-volatility portfolio

When you build a low-volatility portfolio in Canada you will gravitate towards the Canadian banks, insurance companies, pipelines, utilities, railways, the grocers and other consumer staples. You might argue the ‘safest’ stocks in the Canadian market.

The good news for those who do not want to create their own stock portfolio is that BMO has you covered with the BMO Low Volatility Canadian Equity ETF – ticker ZLB-T. Who doesn’t like out-performance with lower volatility?

As always: past performance does not guarantee future returns.

For those who create their own stock portfolio you’d simply buy enough of ’em from the various sectors. You might end up with a portfolio in the area of 20 stocks.

How often should you rebalance?

Here’s the Globe & Mail article from Norm (sub required) – How often should you update your portfolio?

Norm looked at several successful Canadian stock portfolio models …

We see that monthly rebalancing offered a benefit in six out of the seven models. I’m more than surprised by that. Rebalancing monthly or quarterly was a benefit in all of the models, compared to annual rebalancing.

Here’s the numbers for the stable-dividend (low-volatility) portfolio.

  • Monthly rebalancing – 14.2% average annual
  • Quarterly rebalancing – 13.84% average annual
  • Annual rebalancing – 11.59% average annual

The positive effect of regular rebalancing is MASSIVE according to this study. Remember, rebalancing is the process of selling your winners and moving money to your ‘losers’ or underperformers to keep your original allocation consistent.

Buy low, sell high

If you have 20 stocks and begin at an equal-weight allocation of 5% in each stock, you’ll sell the high-performance stock that is now 7% of your portfolio. You’ll move that money to a few of the stocks that are now only 3% of your portfolio (for demonstration sake). You’ll bring them all back to a 5% weight.

Of course, Norm’s evaluation is based on a time period calling for regular rebalancing. Ironically, ZLB is rebalanced twice a year: maybe they need to ramp that up?

Of course with regular rebalancing we have to consider transaction costs. Fortunately the trend for many discount brokerages such as Questrade and the investing app from Wealthsimple is to offer free trades. Some of the big bank brokerages will still have considerable trading fees.

Rebalancing your stock portfolio in retirement

The lesson from Norm’s study is: take the money and run. Or in retirement, you might take the money and fly to the Caribbean … your call. Continue Reading…

Top 4 Ways to Lower your Monthly Expenses in 2026

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Reduce your spending in 2026 to secure your retirement. Follow our tips on insurance, energy bills, and budgeting to lower your monthly expenses.

By Dan Coconate

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Image Credentials: Adobe Stock, Liubomir, 1845777350

Retirement should feel like a reward for decades of hard work, not a financial tightrope walk. As the cost of living fluctuates, many Canadians near or in retirement worry about their nest egg stretching far enough.

You can take control of your financial future by making strategic adjustments today. Simple life changes can help you preserve your wealth and enjoy greater peace of mind.

Below, we explore the top ways to lower your monthly expenses in 2026 so you can navigate the year with confidence.

1.) Review your Auto Insurance Policy

Auto insurance premiums often creep up unnoticed and eat away at your monthly budget. A renewal notice might arrive showing a higher rate than the previous term. There are several reasons why your car insurance premium might suddenly go up, such as a change in address, adding a new driver to your policy, or a lapse in coverage. Even a minor speeding ticket can impact your rates for years.

Furthermore, industry-wide inflation raises repair costs, which insurers pass on to policyholders. If you notice a spike in your bill, take some time to address the root cause. You might lower this cost by shopping for new quotes, increasing your deductible, or bundling your home and auto policies.

2.) Track your Daily Spending

You cannot fix what you do not measure. Many individuals know their income figures but lack clarity on exactly where money exits their accounts. To solve this, subtract your savings from your after-tax earnings to determine what you actually spend. This simple calculation often reveals surprising leaks in your budget.

Once you identify where funds go, you can decide which expenses add value and which you can eliminate. Maintaining positive cash is a great financial New Year’s resolution for 2026 that will keep your retirement plan on track regardless of market volatility.

3.) Audit your Digital Subscriptions

Automatic payments quietly drain bank accounts. It’s easy to accumulate streaming services, cloud storage plans, and app subscriptions that you rarely use. Sit down with your credit-card statement, and identify every recurring charge. Cancel any service that you have not used in the last three months. Check whether family plans or annual payment options offer a lower overall rate for the services you choose to keep. Continue Reading…

Consider all your Retirement Investment Management Options for a Financially Sound Future

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Here’s a look at some of your best retirement investment management options and choices. These include pensions, RRSPs, RRIFs and more.

TSInetwork.ca

Your retirement investment management plan should build in contingencies for long-term medical needs and supplemental health insurance. As well, you should factor in caring for loved ones who are unable to take care of themselves.

When you work out a plan for your retirement, make sure that you aren’t basing your future income on overly-optimistic calculations that will end up leaving you short. Retirement income can come from many different sources, such as personal savings, Canada Pension Plan, Old Age Security, company pensions, RRSPs, RRIFs, and other types of investment accounts.

Learn how your retirement investment management works in a Canada Pension Plan (CPP)

The Canada Pension Plan, or CPP, is the name for the Canadian national social insurance program. The program pays out based on contributions, and it provides income protection for individuals or their survivors in the instance of retirement, disability or death. Since 1999, the CPP has been legally permitted to invest in the stock market.

Nearly all individuals working in Canada contribute to the CPP, unless they live in Quebec, where the Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) exists and provides comparable benefits.

Applicants can apply to receive full CPP benefits at age 65. The CPP can be received as early as age 60 at a reduced rate. It can also be received as late as age 70, at an increased rate.

Here’s a look at some of the pensions or benefits provided by the Canada Pension Plan:

  • Retirement pension
  • Post-retirement pension
  • Death benefit
  • Child rearing provision
  • Credit splitting for divorced or separated couples
  • Survivor benefits
  • Pension sharing
  • Disability benefits

Use a Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) as a starting place when you look into retirement investment management

An RRSP is a great way for investors to cut their tax bills and make more money from their retirement investing.

RRSPs were introduced by the federal government in 1957 to encourage Canadians to save for retirement. Before RRSPs, only individuals who belonged to employer-sponsored registered pension plans could deduct pension contributions from their taxable income.

RRSPs are a form of tax-deferred savings plan. They are a little like other investment accounts, except for their tax treatment. RRSP contributions are tax deductible, and the investments grow tax-free.

You might think of investment gains in an RRSP as a double profit. Instead of paying up to, say, 50% of your profit to the government in taxes and keeping 50% to work for you, you keep 100% of your profit working for you, until you take it out.

Convert an RRSP to a RRIF to create one of the best investments for retirement

A Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) is another good long-term investing strategy for retirement.

Converting your RRSP to a RRIF is clearly one of the best of three alternatives at age 71. That’s because RRIFs offer more flexibility and tax savings than annuities or a lump-sum withdrawal (which in most cases is a poor retirement investing option, since you’ll be taxed on the entire amount in that year as ordinary income). Continue Reading…

Top ETF trades for 2026: Conviction, context and a respect for unpredictability

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By Bipan Rai, Managing Director, BMO Global Asset Management

(Sponsor Blog)

The end of the year is a special time. The slowing modulation of the markets gives many an analyst time to unplug, which inevitably leads to reflection about what the next year will bring. And as ideas begin to take shape, convictions start to form and a general sense of where the market is headed is reached.

It is almost always a humbling exercise.

For instance, just consider a subset of the important macro/market events from 2025:

  • The repeated rounds of tariffs and counter-tariffs between the U.S. and its largest trading partners (Canada/Mexico/China/EU).
  • A massive sell-off in the spring that took the S&P 500 into bear market territory.
  • The U.S. toying with the idea of raising taxes on foreign investors (Section 899).
  • Inflation remaining above target across many jurisdictions for most of the year.
  • Israel and Iran exchanging strikes: with the U.S. also getting involved by attacking Iranian nuclear sites.
  • Repeated attacks by the U.S. president on the sitting Fed chair, with the president openly admitting that he’d like to fire the chair and replace him with someone who is more aligned to his views.
  • The U.S. president attempting to remove a sitting Fed board member.
  • The longest U.S. government shutdown in history.
  • Market concentration remaining high with AI tiptoeing further into ‘bubble’ territory.

If, at the end of 2024, you had given us the above observations for 2025 there is little chance we would have expected U.S. equities to return 15-16% that year. We would have probably gotten the direction on gold right, but almost certainly whiffed on the magnitude of gains (at around 60%).

That is why we are going into this exercise clear-eyed and with a sense of trepidation (and maybe a bit of dread). What we can say is, given the current set-up the below trades are best positioned to serve our readers well as they look to calibrate for 2026. Please note, this is a very different exercise than our portfolio strategy (which will be out later in the new year). Instead of constructing a portfolio tailored for a particular investing approach, we are selecting ETF trades that we feel will outperform given the available information on the macro that we have on hand now.

First, some basic assumptions:

  • We expect the U.S. economy to grow at trend (1.8-2.0%1) in 2026 with inflation remaining above the 2% target for the year. Additionally, the labour sector should remain under some modest pressure, which leads the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates 1-2 more times in 25 basis-point (bps) increments.
  • For Canada, growth is likely to slow from this past year and settle at around 1.4-1.5%. That is still slightly below potential, which implies that inflationary pressures should remain contained. The Bank of Canada (BoC) is likely done easing for now and talks of rate hikes in late 2026 still feel premature.
  • We expect the S&P 500 to rally by about 8-10% in 2026.
  • We expect a consolidative environment for CAD and U.S. yields to start the year, which should give way to upside as the year progresses.
  • We see downside risks to USD/CAD2 over the next three months.

With that out of the way, let’s get started.

Theme #1: Late-cycle dynamics still favour Quality …

Into 2026, we’d characterize the backdrop for the U.S. economy as one that favours resilience over cyclicality. That is not least given that the current phase of economic expansion feels a bit long in the tooth and the combination of fiscal and monetary measures might lead to an economy that runs hot (i.e., higher prices, moderate growth). In such an environment, we expect investors to prioritize companies with strong balance sheets and stable earnings: important ‘Quality’ characteristics.

Top trades for this theme:

Chart 1 – Average monthly returns for months when Core CPI is > 2%3

Source: BMO Global Asset Management / MSCI. For U.S. factors; observations go back by 14 years.

Theme #2:  … But with broader leadership …

Much of 2025 was characterized by a migration of flows out of the U.S. and into EAFE and EM markets.4 Given the strength and stability of earnings outside of North America, we expect this theme to continue into 2026.

Aside from valuation (see Chart 2), two other catalysts for this resiliency will be the widespread adoption of new technologies in non-U.S. markets, and fiscal expansion in many countries. Both should work together to improve productivity trends outside of the U.S.

In the emerging world, we see the alignment of different themes working together to attract additional capital to these regions. Indeed, commodity exporters in Latam5 should continue to benefit from rising prices, while an improving backdrop in China should boost activity in smaller Asian markets.

Top trades for this theme:

Chart 2 – Several international markets still look cheap relative to the U.S.

Source: BMO Global Asset Management / MSCI. A forward price-to-earnings ratio (Fwd P/E) is a stock valuation metric that compares a company or stock index’s current share value to estimated future earnings over the next 12 months.

Theme #3:  … And a rotation away from AI

The delicate rotation away from AI/Tech and into other sectors should continue and will likely engender further uncertainty. However, greater adoption of technology outside of Tech/Communications sectors will likely shift capital over to cheaper segments of the U.S. market.

Within the Tech/Communications sectors, we feel active strategies will be better placed to perform. That is largely because the market will become judicious about picking winners and losers in the AI race as increased reliance on debt financing will mean that existing capital structures are more heavily scrutinized. That should portend a more consolidative environment for broad tech: which supports a product like ZWT, given its generous yield.

Outside of tech, two sectors that we feel are best positioned are U.S. Health Care and Financials. In particular, Health Care has emerged as an effective hedge against AI-related concerns. The sector is still a bit ‘cheap’ as well, which has also worked to support its performance over the past months.

For Financials, we expect demand for loans in the U.S. economy to remain strong: not least as household balance sheets remain in good standing and as valuations remain cheap when compared to other sectors. An additional tailwind comes from regulatory changes that should free up more capital for deployment.

Top trades for this theme:

Theme #4: Elbows up!

In Canada, we remain constructive on Financials but also acknowledge that the market is likely to be one in which alpha6 can be generated through more active strategies.

Indeed, we continue to like Canadian banks. Strong capital positions and the ability to generate revenues outside of traditional retail-based lending means there are plenty of opportunities for capital deployment in 2026. However, valuation remains a bit of a headwind. As such, we favour a covered call strategy instead of a beta7 one. Continue Reading…

Purpose Longevity Pension Fund and other longevity income products for Retirees

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My latest MoneySense Retired Money column looks at several Longevity-oriented retirement income products available in Canada or the U.S. Click on the hypertext here for the full MoneySense column: In planning for Retirement, worry about Longevity rather than dying young.

The focus of the column is on the Purpose Longevity Pension Fund (LPF), which I recently initiated a small position in my personal RRIF.

It also touches on tontine products like Guardian Capital’s GuardPath Funds, as well as several longevity-oriented investment income funds recommended by some U.S. advisors and retirement experts. However, Guardian closed its GuardPath Funds a year ago and are effectively no longer a tontine pioneer.

That leaves LPF as the lead Longevity Fund pioneer in the Canadian market and to some extent the world. Fraser Stark, Global Business Leader for Toronto-based Purpose Investments Inc., says LPF has accumulated about $18 million since its launch almost five years ago, with roughly 500 investors in either the Accumulation or Decumulation classes.

As the MoneySense column summarizes, Purpose doesn’t use the precise term tontine to describe LPF but it does more or less aim to do what traditional Defined Benefit pensions do: in effect those who die earlier than expected end up subsidizing the lucky few who live longer than expected. LPF deals with the dreaded Inflation by gradually raising distribution levels over time. It recently announced it was boosting LPF distributions by 3% for most age cohorts in 2026.

Two classes of Purpose Longevity Pension Fund

Fraser Stark, courtesy Purpose Investments

Age is a big variable here. Purpose created two classes of the Fund: an “Accumulation” class for those under age 65, and a “Decumulation” class for those 65 or older. The latter promises monthly payments for life; at the same time the structure is flexible enough to allow for either redemptions or additional investments in the product; something that traditional life annuities do not usually provide. When moving from the Accumulation to the Decumulation product at age 65, the rollover is free of capital gains tax consequences.

The brochure describes six age cohorts, 1945 to 1947, 1948 to 1950 etc., ending in 1960. Yield for the oldest cohort as of September 2025 is listed as 8.81%, falling to 5.81% for the 1960 cohort. My own cohort of 1951-1953 has a yield of 7.24%.

How is this all achieved? Apart from the mortality credits, the capital is invested much like any broadly diversified Asset Allocation fund. As of Sept. 30, Purpose lists 38.65% in Fixed Income, 43.86% in Equities, 12.09% in Alternatives, and 4.59% in Cash or equivalents. Geographic breakdown is 54.27% Canada, 30.31% the United States, 10.84% International/Emerging and the same 4.59% in cash.  MER for the Class F fund (which most of its investors are in) is 0.60%.

Canadian advisors supporting LPF

What do Canada’s financial advisors think about LPF in particular? John De Goey of Toronto-based Designed Securities has clients in it. Soon after its launch, he said he was a  big supporter of the Purpose product …  I think it is innovative and overdue.  Accepting the usual disclaimer that everyone’s circumstances are unique and you should consult a qualified professional before buying, I was delighted when it was launched because longevity risk was one of the last ‘unsolved challenges’ of financial planning.” De Goey says Canadians “severely underestimate” how long they’re going to live. As for LPF, he says  “Risk pooling in three-year cohort groups / pools is a big innovation and is only possible in a mutual fund structure.” Continue Reading…