Decumulate & Downsize

Most of your investing life you and your adviser (if you have one) are focused on wealth accumulation. But, we tend to forget, eventually the whole idea of this long process of delayed gratification is to actually spend this money! That’s decumulation as opposed to wealth accumulation. This stage may also involve downsizing from larger homes to smaller ones or condos, moving to the country or otherwise simplifying your life and jettisoning possessions that may tie you down.

Canadians with expensive mutual funds need to learn about ETFs

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By Dale Roberts

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Canadians pay some of the highest investment fees on the planet. Most of the Canadian mutual funds charge very high fees. Those fees directly reduce your returns. Too much of the investment returns end up in the wrong pockets. The very good news is that in 2025 you can move to very good, very simple and very inexpensive investment options. Cutting your fees from the 2.0% area to 0.20% or lower is life-changing. It could even double your retirement nest egg. Who doesn’t want to retire with twice the financial security, twice the lifestyle? Canadians should avoid most mutual funds. It’s so easy to leave your mutual funds and your advisor behind; you can move to a better place.

Most Canadian mutual funds are offered by salespersons, not qualified advisors. These advisors at Canadian banks and other sales shops for the high-fee funds have very low investment knowledge. Their only concern is selling you a product and lining their own pockets.

Beat the bank at their own game

That’s the premise and the truth told by former banker Larry Bates. Larry outlines just how poor are Canadian mutual funds, and the mutual fund industry. Have a read of …

Don’t give away half of your investments – Beat the Bank.

On wealth destruction Larry offers a humorous ‘quote’.

My investments put three kids through University. Unfortunately, they were my advisors’ kids – Anonymous

And there’s the crux, the punchline. When Canadians pay those high fees that average 2.2% annual or more, over an investment lifetime they will give away half of their investment wealth. Don’t be that investor. Don’t let your portfolio get crushed by fees.

Canada’s largest mutual funds, not so bad?

Canada’s largest mutual funds are offered by Canada’s largest bank – Royal Bank of Canada. When I first looked at the RBC Select Funds, including the RBC Select Balanced Portfolio I suggested they were ‘not so bad.’  But over time the fees and poor portfolio management continue to take their toll.

In that post I compare the RBC funds to a simple and superior low-fee approach, using an ETF portfolio. An ETF is an exchange traded fund.

  • Over the last three years the iShares Balanced ETF Portfolio (XBAL.TO) is up 7.4% compared to 5.2% for the RBC Balanced Fund.
  • Over the last 5 years the iShares Balanced ETF Portfolio (XBAL.TO) is up 7.7% compared to 6.2% for the RBC Balanced Fund.

Scorecard: over the last 3 years the RBC fund underperformed by an average of 2.2% annually. Over the last 5 years the RBC fund underperformed by an average of 1.5% annually.

You’ll find other comparisons to RBC Select and dividend funds in that post link.

How bad are TD mutual funds?

Canada’s second largest bank says ‘hold my beer.’ I can take your poor performance and go one better. This past week I looked at TDs very popular portfolio solutions known as the “Comfort” Portfolios. Once again, this is an attempt to create a diversified global balanced portfolio in one offering. A one-fund solution.

Check out the GIC rates at EQ Bank

I compared the Comfort Portfolios to a simple Canadian ETF Portfolio. The following table lists the average annual returns.

The underperformance is tragic. We see the TD portfolios underperforming simple ETF models by 2%, 2.5%, 3.o% annual and more.

Earn 50% more? Double your money over mutual funds?

With an additional 2.5% annual over a 20-year period, you could retire with 59% more. Over a 25-year period you’re talking 80% more. Over 30 years we move to ‘twice as much.’

For the above, I used a simple investment calcuator comparing 6% and 8.5% annual returns. In the investment world your return advantage could be greater or less given the sequence of returns. But it gives us a very good idea of the potential for greater returns, and a much richer lifestyle in retirement.

How to invest in ETFs

lf you’re new to the Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) concept please have a read of …

What is index investing?

An Exchange Traded Fund will allow you to own the companies within a market index, for example the TSX Composite (the Canadian stock market) in one fund, ticker symbol XIC. The fee for buying the Canadian stock market is 0.06%. Yes you read that right, that’s 6/100th of one per cent. Continue Reading…

7 top 401(k) mistakes Beginners make: and how to avoid them

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By Donnell Stidhum 

Special to Financial Independence Hub

You may think that saving towards retirement is something that can be put off in the future, but as a matter of fact, what happens (or fails to happen) to your savings during your early working years could spell the difference between your retirement savings and failed retirement savings.

One of the most effective tools out there is the 401(k). However, with power, people have responsibility, and regrettably there are a lot of mistakes that are made by beginners that are entirely unnecessary to make. And in the long run it can cost very dearly.

Here are some of the most common 401(k) mistakes beginners make: and how to avoid them.

1.) Not Contributing early enough

It is common and pitiful that most young professionals do not put money into their 401(k) in the belief that they would start the following year when they would have more income and fewer bills. However the greatest benefit of a 401(k) is compounding as you go and the sooner the better.

How to avoid it: Add money to your 401(k) as soon as you can as much as possible (even if it is just 3 per cent of your income). Slowly adding to your payments can change a tremendous amount with time.

2.) Missing out on Employer Match

If your employer offers to match a percentage of your contributions, that’s free money: but many beginners either don’t contribute enough to get the full match or miss it entirely.

How to avoid it: At least contribute sufficient to allow the employer to give full match. E.g. say your company is matching 50% of the first 6% you put in, then you should at least be putting in 6% yourself.

3.) Being unaware of different types of 401(k) accounts

Some 401(k) plans are not equal. Not all beginners are aware that there are various types of 401(k) and most people are not aware that there are different types of 401(k) most popular being Traditional and Roth 401(k)s and that they are quite different in their tax advantages.

  • A Traditional 401(k) lowers your taxes now, but you will pay taxes in retirement when you retire.
  • A Roth 401(k) is a contribution with after-tax money, which means that money can be taken out at retirement without incurring a tax.

How to avoid it: Educate yourself on the various characteristics of both Traditional and Roth 401(k). A Roth 401(k) may be more sensible to invest in currently, should you anticipate moving to a higher bracket as you get older. Continue Reading…

Investing for Income vs. Total Return: Why choose?

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By Mark Seed, myownadvisor

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Welcome to a new Weekend Reading edition, on an important but seemingly never-ending debate: should you be investing for income or total return?

Maybe in the end, why choose one over the other at all???

First up, recent articles on my site.

I contributed to this recent MoneySense Best ETFs in Canada edition – that includes one global ETF I own for total return since 2020:

And, I shared our planned financial independendence budget. I would be happy to compare notes with you on what you intend to spend and when in your retirement.

Investing for Income vs. Total Return, why choose?

Leading off this Weekend Reading edition, a theme I’ve written about from time to time here: income investing vs. total return.

Is there a right way to invest? Which one is better?

Both approaches have merit: which was the subject of my enjoyable debate with passionate DIY income investor Henry Mah a few weeks ago. You can watch it here!

Personally, while I’ve always had a passion for owning some dividend-paying stocks in my portfolio and likely always will, I can’t ignore the benefits of total return.

At the core:

Investors often focus on total return and likely should during their asset accumulation years in particular since total return encompasses both income generation, such as dividends, and capital appreciation (changes in the market value of your investments). We should all know by now that growth/price increases remain an essential component of wealth-building: prices moving higher and higher than what you paid for them is good.

Income investing focuses on generating regular cash flow from your investments, rather than solely relying on capital appreciation or downplaying it based on your stock selections. Income funds, income-oriented Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) or in Henry’s particular case, owning a small basket of concentrated stocks from the TSX that pay dividends has provided income-focused investors like Henry arguably lower-risk for him while growing his income higher over time via higher dividend payments.

Honest Math - Dividends

In the TD debate here, I argued striking the right balance between income needs and growth in the total return equation is probably best for most: it has historically delivered long-term success and there is no reason to believe why a basket of global stocks won’t continue to do so.

So, I get the income investor debate, I really do, and maybe moreso given I consider myself in semi-retirement now; my part-time work started a few months ago.

Investing for income via dividend stocks often includes these benefits for retirees:

  • Tangible income: shares of companies that distribute a portion of their profits to shareholders, are often mature and established businesses that have ample cashflow to sustain their payment obligations. This tangible income (and arguably stable income) can help cover living expenses.
  • Rising income: such established companies can also raise their dividends year-over-year, rewarding shareholders with rising income that can help offset inflationary pressures. Sustained 3-4% or more dividend increases by some companies can be inflation-fighters.
  • Tax benefits: depending on what stocks you own where (i.e., in what accounts), dividend payments can offer favourable tax benefits. Read about the tax treatment of Canadian dividends below. 

Academic history lessons along with any Google search on this subject will show various charts and graphs that demonstrate the critical role that dividends – and, in particular, reinvested dividends – play in delivering an attractive total return to investors over time. But this just makes sense, in that reinvested dividends are like not getting any dividend payment paid to you in the first place …

Another important contributor to equity market returns has been dividend growth. Equities are growth assets – which I argued in the TD debate – so companies who tend to grow their revenues, profits and earnings over time, is the reason why they can continue to reward their shareholders with higher dividend payments. Growth is needed, for total return, for your/our juicy dividend payments to continue. Continue Reading…

Financial Independence: While you’re still young enough to Enjoy it

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Image by: Averie Woodard on Unsplash

By Jordan McCaleb

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Financial Independence (aka Findependence) is a dream many hope to achieve, the freedom to live the life you’ve always dreamed of, pursuing passions or simply choosing to work on your own terms. While these are all great reasons, what about achieving this earlier?

This article will explore key investment strategies and asset allocations to accelerate your path to early financial freedom, including the role of precious metals investments.

Traditional Investments & their Limits

It’s important to acknowledge that traditional investments (stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and ETFs) will always be the building blocks when it comes to financial independence. 

However, when it comes to achieving Findependence earlier in life, traditional investments may have potential limitations and risks involved.

Potential Limitations and Risks:

  • Inflation: Inflation erodes the real value of your accumulated savings over time.
  • Market Volatility: Unpredictable swings and downturns can threaten your gains and potentially delay your FI (financial independence) timeline.
  • Economic Uncertainty: Geopolitical risks and unforeseen crises can increase risk and cause market corrections, impacting even the safest portfolio.

While traditional investments form a crucial base for any Findependence strategy, they may not be enough to achieve the resilience and growth required. Achieving financial independence early requires specific and powerful assets to drive your portfolio, providing a balance to your financial ecosystem.

Accelerating your FI Timeline: Beyond just Investing

Accelerating your Findependence timeline requires additional steps. A crucial part is increasing your savings rate, aiming for 50% to 75% of your income, creating a powerful snowball effect that reduces your time horizon. This pairs with increasing your income through career advancement, salary raises, or profitable side hustles.

Simultaneously, optimizing expenses and embracing a frugal lifestyle in areas like housing, transportation, and food can further boost investment growth over time. A key step is defining your (FI Number) typically 25 times your desired annual expenses ($50,000). This lifestyle-specific figure provides a clear target.

Diversifying for Resilience: Beyond the Basics

Beyond traditional investments and accelerating your timeline, diversification involves not just different stocks, but asset classes as well (equities, fixed income, real estate, and alternatives). Each behaves differently under various economic challenges. Diversifying across geographies and industries can protect against downturns in a market or sector.

A crucial concept to know is asset correlation: You want your assets to not run in the same direction. According to Stock Rover, this reduction in volatility can significantly impact overall returns. For example, a portfolio experiencing wild swings of +20% then -20% loses money, while reducing it to +10% then -10% swings leads to a healthier outcome. In essence, a low correlation portfolio better withstands economic turbulence.

Strategic Allocation: The Role of Precious Metals

When aiming for early Findependence, strategic alternative assets are crucial. Gold and silver stand out as a hedge against inflation and economic uncertainty due to their low correlation nature. Historical data from Investopedia reveals that while the S&P 500 dropped almost 10% (2007-2010) during the 2008 financial crisis, a 1971 gold investment significantly increased in value. Gold IRAs also offer tax advantages for those interested in physical metals. Continue Reading…

Mining Stocks that pay Dividends

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Add to your long-term returns in the resource sector by investing in mining stocks that pay dividends

At TSI Network, we keep a sharp eye out for high-quality mining stocks that pay dividends.

Dividends are typically cash payouts that serve as a way companies share the wealth they’ve accumulated through operating the company. These payouts are drawn from earnings and cash flow and paid to the shareholders of the company. Typically, these dividends are paid quarterly, although they may be paid annually or even monthly.

Dividends can now contribute up to a third of your long-term investment returns, without even considering the tax-cutting effects of the dividend tax credit. In addition, dividends are far more reliable than capital gains. A stock that pays a $1 dividend this year will probably do the same next year. It may even increase its dividend payment.

Many investors buy gold stocks as a hedge against inflation, and some gold stocks pay dividends. But there are other mining stocks that also offer an inflation hedge: and on average pay higher dividends.

Copper stocks generally have higher dividend yields than gold stocks because they have steadier demand and more stable prices. As well, they’re usually much cheaper than gold stocks in relation to their earnings and cash flow. That means they potentially have less room to fall if markets in general fall. That’s also another way of saying that they can be less risky than gold.

Long term, copper should gain from rising demand and tighter supply. Major deposits are depleting, and environmental issues are holding back new mines.

Nutrien (symbol NTR on Toronto) is one of our favourite Canadian dividend-paying mining stocks. The company is the world’s largest producer of agricultural fertilizers, including mined potash. It took its current form on January 1, 2018, when Agrium Inc. (old symbol AGU) merged with rival Potash Corp. of Saskatchewan (old symbol POT). The stock is well-suited to income-seeking investors. The company has increased its dividend by an average of 5.8% annually in the past five years. That dividend yields 3.4%.

 

What’s a mining stock?

Mining stocks are investments in companies that produce or explore for minerals, such as uranium, coal, molybdenum (which is used in steelmaking), copper, silver and gold.

Mining stocks can generally be broken up into two categories, majors and juniors. Majors are mining companies that have been in the mining business for many years and more often than not they operate on a global scale. Majors have proven methods for exploration and mining, and have consistent output year over year.

Junior mining stocks are mining companies that are new or have been in business for a decade or less. They are usually smaller companies and take on risky mining exploration. If a junior mining stock is successful at finding and mining, it can mean huge returns for investors.

 

4 ways you benefit when you invest in mining stocks that pay dividends

  1. Growth and income. The best dividend-paying stocks offer both capital-gain growth potential and regular income from dividend payments. In fact, dividends are likely to still be paid regardless of how quickly the price of the underlying stock rises.
  2. Dividends can grow. Stock prices rise and fall, so capital losses often follow capital gains, at least temporarily. Interest on a bond or GIC holds steady, at best. But top dividend paying stocks like to ratchet their dividends upward—hold them steady in a bad year, raise them in a good one. That also gives you a hedge against inflation. Continue Reading…