Inflation

Inflation

3 books I just read that Retirees DIYing their pensions need to read

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My latest MoneySense Retired Money column looks at a must-read new book on Retirement as well as two related books on DIY stock-investing. You can read the full column by clicking on the highlighted headline: Who you gonna trust: Barry Ritholtz or Jim Cramer?

The must read and main focus of the MoneySense column is William Bengen’s A Richer Retirement: Supercharging the 4% Rule to Spend More and Enjoy More. If that sounds familiar it should: Bengen’s original book on the 4% Rule is considered the bible of retirement, with his famous “SAFEMAX” guideline of 4% a year being an annual amount of withdrawals that should be “safe” for retirees to continue for a full 30 years, even after inflation. The original book,  titled Conserving Client Portfolios During Retirement, was first published in 2006.

Never mind that even Bengen considers 4.7% be a more universal SAFEMAX. The original book was aimed at financial advisors and professionals while the new one ostensibly is aimed at retail investors and retirees. I say ostensibly because I was a little disappointed with it and found the plethora of complicated charts and tables a bit much for lay investors. Still, there’s a lot of common sense there: Inflation is big long-term threat to retirees as are bear markets. Withdrawing too much from portfolios can be disastrous if you are unfortunate enough to retire just as a bear market hits and/or inflation starts to bite.

On the other hand, sticking with the old 4% rule or even the smaller amounts of 3% or even 2% advocated by some cautious souls, could result in you withdrawing less than you really need to enjoy retirement, although the tax department and any heirs might commend your caution and frugality.

How to make money in any market

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While it’s rare for me to buy new hardcover books because I receive so many “free” review copies of financial books, I actually did buy A Richer Retirement as soon as it was available on Amazon. Plus, unusually, I also bought two other brand new books on the related topic of investing and stock-picking.

One was Jim Cramer’s How to make money in any market, by the sometimes revered but often maligned host of  CNBC shows Mad Money and Squawk on the Street. It’s fashionable for some financial journalists who believe in efficient markets and indexing to diss Cramer but I am not in that crowd. In fact, Cramer recommends that newcomers to investing put the first US$10,000 into an S&P500 index fund or ETF.

However, for seasoned investors and even retirees, Cramer suggests putting half a portfolio in index funds and the other half in individual stocks. Where we part company is his recommendation that the bucket of stocks be restricted to just five names, which would mean 10% in each. For my money, that’s way too concentrated and risky, even though he often brags about how he is often accosted by Nvidia Millionaires who tell him they bought that stock as soon as he announced on air that he had renamed his dog Nvidia.

How NOT to invest

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Finally, regulars to this site may already have read Michael Wiener’s review of Barry Ritholtz’s How NOT to invest, which appeared here in this blog a few weeks after appearing on his Michael James on Money blog.

To be sure, those who are fond of disparaging Jim Cramer might quip that should have been the title of his own book, seeing as there are actually ETFs out there that try to profit by shorting Cramer’s picks. As of this writing, my copy has arrived but I have not yet finished reading it, as it’s a bit longer than the other two.

But based on the book blurbs and Michael’s review, I have no doubt it will be worth reading, whether for younger investors or seasoned ones and/or retirees.

Finally, while I only just received my review copy, I note that David Chilton is publishing a new edition of his classic financial novel, The Wealthy Barber, which any young person just starting to invest should acquire.  I look forward to revisiting it.

 

 

 

The common mistakes made by Retirees

By Dale Roberts, CutTheCrap Investing, Retirement Club

Special to Financial Independence Hub

We all make mistakes. There is no such thing as the perfect portfolio. In the accumulation stage we usually have time to recover from mistakes and hopefully we’ll learn from those mistakes. Learning from mistakes will usually move us towards a more passive global core index-based portfolio. In retirement, we don’t always get a second chance. It is crucial to be aware and avoid any retirement pot holes. Kyle at the Canadian Financial Summit asked me to discuss and outline some of the key and common retirement mistakes. Of course, they are too many to mention in a 45-minute interview. Below, I will outline more of the common mistakes in retirement.

Here’s an AI outline of the Canadian Financial Summit.

The Canadian Financial Summit is an annual, free, virtual conference for Canadians to learn about personal finance and investing from Canadian experts. It covers topics like retirement planning, tax optimization, and investment strategies, with content tailored specifically for a Canadian audience to address Canadian-specific financial products and regulations. The goal is to provide practical advice to help attendees save money, invest better, and improve their financial literacy.

Canadian Financial Summit Speakers

The Summit begins on October 22 with headliners such as David Chilton (new Wealthy Barber book out in November), Rob Carrick, Jason Heath, Preet Banerjee and more. Here’s the list of speakers and topics.

My segment will air on October 24th. You can register through this Canadian Financial Summit link.

Once again, I am covering common retirement mistakes. Here’s the range of topics I had prepared for my discussion with Kyle. We touched on a few of these.

We have to start in the accumulation stage

Many retirement mistakes are born in the accumulation stage, and in the retirement risk zone.

Too much risk

Most investors take on too much risk. They are not investing within their risk tolerance level. That said, it has not been a problem since 2009: we have not been tested. But retirees and near retirees were certainly burned by the financial crisis and the dot com crash. For too many, their retirement was greatly impaired.

And of course, we can add in not taking on enough risk, for those who are risk averse. We need to take on the risk necessary to achieve our financial goals. All said, we always need to invest within our risk tolerance level.

The accumulation stage is dead simple

Go for growth while investing within your risk tolerance level. More money is “more better.”  More money will create more retirement income.

Paying ridiculously high fees

Fire your wealth-destroying high-fee mutual funds and the advisor they rode in on. Ditto for the retirement stage. You can do the research necessary, or look to an advice-only planner who specializes in retirement planning.

Don’t count the dividends

Don’t PADI – Potential Annual Dividend Income.

That’s like watching the oil gauge as you try to make the car go faster.

The dividends do not contribute to wealth creation. Dividends are a removal of value; that’s it. The share price drops by the value of the dividend. If you move the dividends back to your stock or ETF holding to buy more shares you are simply owning more shares at lower prices.

As Yogi Berra would ask: do you want your medium pizza cut into 8 slices or 6 slices?

You still have a medium pizza, no matter how you slice it.

Dividends are a tax drag in taxable accounts. You are paying tax on money you don’t need. You are paying tax on money that creates no value. It’s phantom wealth creation, but with real taxes.

Avoid covered calls and other specialty income

They underperform by design. That fact should be outlined in the prospectus.

Canadian home bias

This can be related to a fascination with Canadian dividends or Canadian Blue Chip stocks in general. For sure, building a portfolio of Canadian Blue Chips is known to greatly outperform the TSX Composite. But we need greater diversification to reduce risk.

A Canadian with severe home bias is putting all of their chips on a few sectors, one country and one currency. It’s not smart.

We should consider a global portfolio, at the very least a Canadian and U.S. portfolio.

Stock portfolios that are too concentrated

It’s common to see portfolios with just a few stocks. We need 15 to 20 stocks to mimic an index. You’re likely best to hold 20 or more.

We create severe company risk with a concentrated portfolio.

Clear your debt

Carrying debt into retirement is a common “mistake.”  A recent report suggested that 29% of Canadian retirees will carry a mortgage.

Consider the tax burden that it takes to create the income to pay the mortgage. Every extra dollar is at the top marginal rate. It’s a mortgage payment plus tax on top. A $3,000 monthly mortgage payment might cost you $4,000 or more when you consider taxes. It could also contribute to OAS claw back.

Consider the car payment as well. Try to enter retirement with a paid-off vehicle.

Not using spousal RRSP accounts

Use RRSP spousal accounts for tax advantaged income splitting in retirement.

This allows us to ‘split income’ before the age of 65. At age 65 we can then split income from your RRIF.

Ditto for setting up joint taxable accounts. Pay attention to attribution rules for taxable accounts.

The Retirement Risk Zone

Not preparing the portfolio (de-risking) for retirement before retirement is a common mistake. We enter the retirement risk zone several years before retirement. That was our topic last year for the Financial Summit.

Mistakes in Retirement

Not running a retirement cash flow calculator

This is a must for every retiree. A retirement calculator will help you discover the most optimal (and tax efficient) order of account harvesting. That is when, and how much, to remove from your RRSP / RRIF, Taxable accounts, and TFSAs, working in concert with pensions, other amounts plus, CPP and OAS. It can help us create tax efficiency and manage OAS claw backs.

Most Canadians will benefit from the RRSP / RRIF meltdown strategy. It involves delaying CPP and OAS for the massive increases in pension-like, inflation-adjusted income.

Check out Retirement Club for Canadians

From age 65 to 70, CPP increases by 42%, OAS increases by 36%.

To delay CPP and OAS we often use the RRSP / RRIF accounts (and at times a slice of TFSA or Taxable) to bridge the gap during those years. That is, we spend more heavily from the RRSP / RRIF while we wait for increased CPP and perhaps OAS.

It’s different for everyone, the retirement cash flow calculators will help you uncover the right approach for you. Only the software knows.

There are many retirement calculator options that are free use, or available at a very low fee. We are reviewing many of them at Retirement Club.

Examples: MayRetire, Milestones, Adviice, Perc-Pro from Frederick Vettese, optiml.ca, PWL Capital also offers a retirement calculator.

Not spending, not enjoying their money

We might embrace a U-shaped spending plan. We spend more in the early years: the go-go years. It might dip in the slow-go years, and then increase again in the later no-go years as health care cost, living in place, or retirement home plus assisted living costs increase greatly.

We might call that a ‘you-shaped’ spending plan. Continue Reading…

When is the right time for Retirees to Consider Annuities?

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Retirement planning experts suggest current market conditions may present an opportune moment for retirees to consider annuities. With potentially higher yields available in today’s interest rate environment, strategic approaches like partial annuitization and laddered purchases offer ways to enhance retirement security. Financial advisors emphasize the importance of weighing tax implications and long-term income stability before making decisions about annuities in a changing economic landscape.

 

  • Ladder Annuity Purchases to Capture Peak Rates
  • Favorable Market Creates Opportunity for Retirement Security
  • Strategic Timing for Annuities in High Rates
  • Consider Tax Implications before Rushing to Annuitize
  • Tax Strategy matters more than Current Rates
  • Lock in Higher Yields while Maintaining Diversification
  • Balance Security and Flexibility with Partial Annuitization
  • Act Now before Rate Cuts Lower Lifetime Income

Ladder Annuity Purchases to Capture Peak Rates

Through my work with United Advisor Group helping advisors serve elite clients, I’m seeing a critical window right now for partial annuitization that most people are missing. The current 5-6% immediate annuity rates are the highest we’ve seen in over a decade, but here’s what’s different from typical advice.

I’m recommending clients ladder their annuity purchases over 12-18 months rather than going all-in immediately. We’re working with carriers like Lincoln Financial where a Phoenix client recently locked in 5.4% on a $300K immediate annuity in January, then waited until rates hit 5.8% in March for another $200k portion. This staging approach captures rising rates while securing baseline income.

The sweet spot I’m seeing is 30-40% annuitization for near-retirees, not the 20% most advisors suggest. With our four-custodian structure at UAG, we’re tracking how this higher allocation actually reduces overall portfolio risk more than expected. A Scottsdale couple we work with annuitized 35% at current rates and can now be more aggressive with their remaining assets.

What makes this timing unique is the Federal Reserve’s clear signalling about holding higher rates through 2024. Unlike previous cycles where advisors played wait-and-see, the current economic indicators we track suggest these annuity rates have more staying power, making the decision timeline less pressured than typical rate environments. — Ray Gettins, Director, United Advisor Group

Favorable Market creates Opportunity for Retirement Security

Annuities aren’t flashy: but in today’s rate environment, they’re finally getting their moment.” With interest rates at multi-year highs, this is one of the most favorable environments we have seen in a long time for retirees to consider annuitizing or partially annuitizing. Higher rates mean better payout terms, especially for fixed annuities, giving retirees more predictable income in retirement. But timing is still very important. The decision to annuitize should still be in line with your personal retirement goals, risk tolerance & need for guaranteed income. Partial annuitization provides a great balance for retirees, allowing them to create a stable income stream to cover essential expenses and still have portfolios flexible enough for legacy planning and growth. It’s much more than a response to market conditions. It’s a calculated move towards peace of mind.

— Harold Wenger Jr., Partner and Wealth Manager, Kingsview Partners

Strategic Timing for Annuities in High Rates

Now might be the smartest time in 15 years to consider annuitizing.

It’s actually quite a favorable time for retirees to annuitize, partially or fully, considering the interest rates today that are at their highest levels since before the Great Financial Crisis. Higher interest rates essentially mean stronger payouts than what we have seen over the past decades. This makes them a more attractive option for those looking for a guaranteed lifetime income. Having said that, I still recommend retirees to think of annuitization the same way they think about diversification, strategically, not emotionally. While having a steady stream of income for essential expenses can provide peace of mind, I would never recommend anyone to put all their eggs in one basket.

Employing a blended approach — one that combines annuities with passive real estate investing or dividend-generating assets — can be a much smarter way to go. It’s the right time now to explore annuities as part of a broader retirement strategy. Just make sure that it aligns with your lifestyle goals, risk tolerance, and legacy planning. — Lon Welsh, Founder, Ironton Capital

Consider Tax Implications before Rushing to Annuitize

After working with retirees for 19 years through my accounting firm, I see this timing question differently than most financial advisors. The real issue isn’t just interest rates: it’s the massive tax implications that nobody talks about.

I had a client couple from North Carolina who were considering annuitizing $300K of their retirement savings when rates hit 5.8% last year. Before they pulled the trigger, we ran the numbers on their overall tax strategy. That annuity income would have pushed them into a higher bracket and made 85% of their Social Security taxable instead of 50%.

Instead, we structured a business strategy where they started a simple consulting venture based on his 40 years of manufacturing experience. Now they’re deferring some retirement income, writing off business expenses that were previously personal costs, and timing their annuitization for when they can control their tax bracket more effectively.

The current rate environment is tempting, but I’m seeing retirees lock themselves into higher lifetime tax bills. Run the tax projections first: sometimes waiting 2-3 years while implementing proper business structures saves more money than chasing today’s rates. — Courtney Epps, Owner, OTB Tax

Tax Strategy Matters more than Current Rates

I believe the decision to annuitize in today’s higher-rate environment is more complex than most retirees are told. The bigger question isn’t just the interest rate, it’s how the IRS will tax that income stream over time. Continue Reading…

Why Canadians Love Real Estate as an Investment Vehicle (Even When the Numbers Do Not Add Up)

The Hard Truth about Canada’s most Popular Investment Myth: Why your “Sure Thing” Real Estate Strategy could be Costing you Hundreds of Thousands

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By Steve Lowrie, CFA

Special to Financial Independence Hub 

It is hard to go to a Canadian dinner party without someone talking about real estate. Someone’s cottage has doubled in value. A friend just bought a second downtown investment condo. A neighbour is considering a rental property “for the kids.”

We hear it every day from clients. The idea of investing in real estate feels safe, powerful, and smart.

There is a cultural pull here that is almost irresistible:

  • Tangibility: You can touch it, walk through it, and renovate it.
  • Familiarity: Almost everyone you know owns a home.
  • Status: Whether it is a condo downtown, a cottage up north, or a rental property, real estate is a visible symbol of success.

That emotional resonance is powerful and real. But subtlety matters. Let us explore why the emotional weight is so strong, when it outpaces the facts, and why personal homes and even second properties should often be treated as lifestyle decisions rather than wise investment decisions.

Why Real Estate Investment feels Safe and Smart to Canadian Investors

Real estate triggers deeply comforting emotions.

You can see it, unlike stocks that live only on a statement. You can improve it, rent it, or decorate it, which gives you a sense of control. In markets such as Toronto and Vancouver, decades of rising prices reinforce the belief that it is a sure bet.

And of course, there are the stories. Everyone seems to know someone who made a fortune in property. Stories resonate far more than data.

It is like the comfort of holding cash. Cash feels safer than stocks, even though the evidence tells a different story.

Real Estate vs Stock Market Returns: The Data Reveals a Different Story

Here is where the evidence helps keep perspective in check. If you are considering purchasing direct real estate as an investment, the data suggests alternative approaches may deliver better long-term outcomes.

Canadian Stock Market vs Canadian Real Estate Performance

From 1990 to 2023, average Canadian home prices grew about 6.3 percent annually. Once we adjust for maintenance, property taxes, insurance, and transaction costs, which we can reasonably estimate at 2 percent of market value each year, the actual net return drops to about 4.5 percent annually. Meanwhile, the S&P/TSX Composite Index returned roughly 8 percent per year, compounded annually over the same period. Even within Canada, equities have historically outperformed housing as an investment.

Global Diversified Portfolio vs Canadian Real Estate Returns

A globally diversified equity portfolio, such as the MSCI World Index, has historically delivered around 8 percent annually (consistent with Canadian market returns) over long time horizons.  This not only outpaces Canadian housing returns but also provides diversification across thousands of companies in dozens of countries. Canadian housing, by contrast, is concentrated in one country and one asset.

Sneaky Hidden Costs and Investment Risks of Direct Real Estate Ownership

Even beyond the headline numbers, direct real estate ownership brings additional challenges:

  • Concentration risk: One property, in one city, on one street, is hardly diversified.
  • Illiquidity: Selling in a downturn can be difficult and slow.
  • Carrying costs: Maintenance, property taxes, insurance, and fees all erode returns.
  • Leverage risk: Mortgages magnify both gains and losses.

The Cap Rate Crisis: Why Canadian Investment Properties are Failing

Another critical but often overlooked factor in real estate investing is the capitalization rate, or cap rate.  This measures the cash flow you receive from a property after expenses, expressed as a percentage of its value.

Historically, investors earned returns from two sources: cash flow (rental income) and appreciation (price gains). But as property prices have risen much faster than rents over the past few years, cap rates have fallen dramatically. Many condos and residential investment properties now have cap rates that are very low, even close to zero. In some cases, especially when using leverage on a direct residential investment property, you get the pleasure of having negative monthly cash flow. Who wants an investment that requires you to put in more of your own money each month to keep it afloat?

That means the only way to make money is if the underlying property continues to appreciate. For a long time, that worked. But as Canadians have seen in recent years, property values can and do fall. Relying solely on appreciation is not a proper investment strategy. It is a gamble.

Real Estate as Lifestyle Choice vs Investment Strategy

There is an important distinction to be made here. Owning your personal home, or even a second property, is rarely a pure investment decision. It is primarily a lifestyle choice.

Your Primary Residence: A Home, Not an Investment Vehicle

Your home provides stability, belonging, and a sense of place. You live in it, you personalize it, and you may even raise a family in it. Its financial appreciation is a by-product, not the primary purpose.

Second Properties and Vacation Homes: When Lifestyle Meets Investment Confusion

Cottages, ski condos, or vacation homes can bring joy, relaxation, and family memories. When acquired with lifestyle purposes in mind, they can be meaningful. But if purchased purely for financial returns, they blur the line between lifestyle and investment and often fall short on performance expectations.

Investment Property Evaluation Framework: The Big Bet Test

Here is a simple framework to evaluate real estate as an investment:

  1. Diversification: Does this spread risk or concentrate it?
  2. Liquidity: Can you access your money if needed?
  3. Scalability: Can you expand without disproportionate risk?
  4. Taxation: Are the benefits what you expect?

A single rental property often fails on diversification, liquidity, and scalability. It is like putting half your portfolio into one stock, in one city, on one street.

REITs: The Smart Alternative to Direct Real Estate Investment

If you want exposure to real estate without its emotional and structural pitfalls, publicly traded Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are an excellent alternative. Continue Reading…

Should investors be more concerned about the ongoing US Shutdown?

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By John De Goey, CFP, CIM

Special to Financial Independence Hub 

[Editor’s Note: this piece was written shortly before Friday’s meltdown of U.S. stocks following Trump’s announcement of still-higher Tariffs on China.]

One evening at midnight, as September turned to October, various elements of the U.S. government were shut down. This has happened before, most recently in 2018 under the same President, but this time, everything feels more ominous.

In fairness, markets were indifferent to the news and have even reached new highs since the announcement. My view is that this turn of events is yet another canary in the coal mine where authoritarianism is lurking just around the corner. The question for many investors is: “What does this mean for my portfolio”? So far, the answer is, “nothing at all.”

Worrisome that investors don’t seem worried

It has been said that financial markets climb a wall of worry. I have said on multiple occasions that one of my biggest worries is that people don’t seem worried: that optimism bias has led to lazy complacency. Stated differently, my perception is that there’s a degree of casual acceptance of macro-level circumstances that has taken hold among investors throughout the western world.

My concern about valuations has been reiterated on multiple occasions for many quarters, if not years. What I have not said explicitly until now is that there is a considerable political risk that is proceeding apace: concurrent with the valuation risk.

To my mind, this is a double uncertainty. The first question is when the bubble of multiple asset classes hitting all-time highs will burst. The second question is when Donald Trump will drop the mask and all pretense of adherence to democratic principles. He was elected a year ago next month.  In the nine and a half months since he has taken office, the destruction of centuries-old political norms has proceeded at a breakneck pace. Continue Reading…