Building Wealth

For the first 30 or so years of working, saving and investing, you’ll be first in the mode of getting out of the hole (paying down debt), and then building your net worth (that’s wealth accumulation.). But don’t forget, wealth accumulation isn’t the ultimate goal. Decumulation is! (a separate category here at the Hub).

The lowdown on Trump, tariffs and investing according to Diane Francis

Diane Francis is a Toronto-based journalist who began her career as a financial writer before branching out into geopolitics. She publishes a twice-weekly newsletter that has readers in 106 countries around the world. Born in the United States, Francis is a dual citizen possessing unique expertise that allows her to comment on the intersection of economics and politics. She was recently John De Goey’s guest on his podcast “Make Better Wealth Decisions” (https://make-better-wealth-decisions.captivate.fm/listen) and offered some candid thoughts about investing in a time of great uncertainty and upheaval.

De Goey is a portfolio manager with Designed Securities in Toronto. “Make Better Wealth Decisions” is a popular, twice-weekly podcast about investing and money management.

Early in the interview De Goey asked Francis about this confluence of economics and politics, and how one should make decisions when there are so many unknowns out there. Francis responded by referring to her days as a financial writer when she wanted to find out what was going on in a particular country.

Diane Francis (LinkedIn)

“I would call an investment banking analyst who covered that area,” she said. “They know more about what’s going on in that country than any politicians or any journalists because they’re making dollar decisions on whether to buy the bonds, sell the bonds, buy the stocks or get involved in the private investment in that country. So I realized that was one of the most important pillars underlying how you should invest.”

She has brought this expertise to her work as a journalist. Francis is a columnist and Editor-at-Large for The National Post in Canada, and also writes for the Kyiv Post in Ukraine, and Ukraine Alert at the Atlantic Council’s Eurasia Center in Washington, D.C., not to mention the Huffington Post, New York Post, among others. What’s more, she holds an MBA and is a CPA as well. And she is a former U.S. Army Intel Analyst.

How downgraded U.S. credit rating could affect investors

De Goey pointed out to his listeners that she has written a number of books and one of the first, published back in 1990, was The Diane Francis Inside Guide to Canada’s 50 Best Stocks. Their discussion then moved into the U.S. credit rating being downgraded and how this might affect investing. Francis said it’s a concern when investing in bonds, but not so much in stocks, and shouldn’t matter if you invest outside the U.S.

She then revealed some insights about her own investing in lieu of European countries now boosting their military expenditures. She said she bought into companies in Germany that are involved in the military area and called them “winners.” By the same token, she said she has invested in Taiwan SemiConductor (TSMC) and made money doing that.

De Goey moved on to what he called the ‘Donroe Doctrine’ and Trump’s realigning of the world order. He mentioned the acronym that has been making the rounds in some media – TACO – for Trump Always Chickens Out when it comes to tariffs. But Francis said he doesn’t chicken out because it’s just a negotiating tactic on his part.

TACO vs TUDIE

“The tariff strategy is quite interesting and I know a lot of people won’t agree with me but I think it’s brilliant,” Francis said. “It’s ruthless and it’s not nice to do to trading partners but imagine what he’s done. He’s harnessed the buying power of the richest country in the history of the world and he’s beating the people who want to supply it with stuff over the head, asking them for bargains in the form of tariffs.”

De Goey used an acronym that he himself coined – TUDIE – for Trump Usually Does It Eventually. Francis didn’t disagree with that assessment and said Canada must do more than whine about the tariffs. She said we should do what Japan and South Korea did, namely, make deals to get their tariffs lowered. She added that Canada is teetering on a recession largely as a result of the Trump tariffs, but criticized Canada’s own policies over the years with such things as immigration, the military, lack of NATO commitments, etc.

The conversation moved on to countries retaliating against the U.S. with tariffs of their own and a possible trade war. De Goey brought up the tariffs that were levied back in the 1930s by the United States and the retaliation that ensued, leading to a global trade war and deepening what was already a severe recession and, ultimately, the Great Depression. Francis had some definite views about that. In fact, she didn’t think a global trade war is coming at all.

Tariff Retaliation is stupid

“I think retaliation is stupid,” she said. “You can’t retaliate. America is Canada’s biggest customer, supplier and investor. You can’t shoot yourself in the foot. I think this is a negotiation. You give. You take.”

She said there still remains a lot of good will between the U.S. and Canada. Before the interview closed, De Goey wanted to get into the war in Ukraine. As a journalist, Francis has been to Ukraine some 30 times and often writes about that war today. She said European countries are finally smartening up by boosting their militaries, and further, that we are at the “beginning of the end” of this war, adding that Trump’s new stance with Putin is a positive development. Francis has hopes for what she called a “semi-permanent ceasefire” but said Ukraine may have to lose 20% of its land in the process. But real peace, she said, will require boots on the ground for security purposes and NATO membership for Ukraine which she said could be one of the most dynamic economies in all of Europe.

When De Goey asked her about which interpersonal relationships are key, her answer was simple. “What’s your relationship with the Trump government?” Francis said. “This is the most powerful country in the history of the world from a military and economic viewpoint, and he was duly elected.” However, Francis does hold grave concerns about Trump’s relentless bashing of Fed Chairman Jerome Powell.

Said Francis: “As an investor I want to know what is going to be resolved over the Fed Chairman being taunted or fired by Trump. That will affect every country in the world.”

John De Goey, CIM, CFP, FP Canada™ Fellow, is a Portfolio Manager with Toronto-based Designed Wealth Management. He is the author of three books on the financial industry: The Professional Financial Advisor, Standup to the Financial Services Industry and most recently, Bullshift.  You can find John’s personal website here

Rob Carrick’s G&M retirement: what he and other retiring PF writers have learned about Retirement

Rob Carrick: Globe & Mail

My latest MoneySense Retired Money column has just been published and features input from Rob Carrick, who just retired from the Globe & Mail after almost three decades covering Personal Finance (PF henceforth). You can find the full column by clicking on the hyperlinked headline here: How financial journalists plan their own retirement.

While some may view this as an exercise in Inside Baseball, the column also features interviews with someone Rob and I agree was the “granddaddy” of Canadian PF writing: Bruce Cohen of the Financial Post. Bruce in effect handed off the PF beat to me a few years after I joined the paper in 1993. For the column, Bruce provided several retirement tips but clarified there were at least two such PF writers even before him (Mike Grenby and Henry Zimmer.). Guess you could call them the grandaddies of Canadian personal finance writing!

Unlike other journalists mentioned in the column, Bruce is one of the few who actually did truly retire: after a 5-year transition he says he fully retired at the traditional retirement age of 65. Now 75, he lives on 50 acres north of Toronto. He cites actuary Malcolm Hamilton’s conclusion that spending/lifestyle in retirement is pretty much the same as pre-retirement: “Ergo, most people did not need a 70% income replacement ratio. That’s been true for me, though I don’t know if it still applies  to the general population as many older people seem to carry significant  debt into retirement and many adult children are living with their parents.”

The MoneySense column also includes input from Garry Marr, another ex Postie who just weeks ago announced he is returning to the Financial Post to write about — you guessed it — Personal Finance.

Retiring from Full-time Retirement Blogging

Retirement Manifesto’s Fritz Gilbert

Meanwhile, south of the border, we got some input from Fritz Gilbert, who announced this spring in his The Retirement Manifesto blog that he is  “retiring” from full-time blogging about Retirement. 

Pretty ironic, isn’t it?

Since Rob Carrick is still only 62 years old, he clarifies that while he is no longer a salaried employee at a newspaper (he formally left on June 30th), he definitely plans to keep his hand in PF writing, including two monthly columns at the G&M: one on traditional PF, the second on his new Retirement experience.

He agrees that Retirement is a bit of an outdated word and that what he is doing is closer to Semi-Retirement, or indeed the term I coined in my financial novel, Findependence Day. Continue Reading…

Building Wealth through Property Investment in Emerging Geoarbitrage Destinations

Image by Stefan Schweihofer from Pixabay

By Devin Partida

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Finding new ways to build wealth beyond traditional investment options requires thinking outside the box. Geoarbittage may be one of the most interesting ways to embrace property investment with a decent return on investment (ROI). Wise investors are finding ways to overcome cost-of-living increases by studying the price differences between areas and investing in emerging global markets. In Canada, some areas have high real estate prices and capped rental fees, making investing locally less attractive.

Geoarbitrage is the practice of earning income in a high-cost area, such as major cities around the globe, but living in a lower-cost-of-living location. Earning more while paying less allows anyone to stretch their money. Property investment is just one branch of the larger geoarbitrage concept.

Using Geoarbitrage as a Property Investment Strategy

Although the June 2025 jobs report shows an increase of 147,000 jobs and an unemployment rate of 4.1%, the numbers may not show the full impact of rising costs on middle- and low-income families. Real estate investing can help pull people out of generational income gaps or maintain family wealth for future heirs.

Property investors looking for more powerful approaches to increase wealth quickly understand that investing in real estate with low entry and high growth equals significant appreciation. You can gain passive rental income and diversify your holdings nationally or internationally.

A geographically diverse portfolio also protects your investments from market fluctuations. Values may drop in one city but remain steady or grow in another. You can work alongside investment partners to increase long-term financial health, finding the right collaborations in each area and learning strategic moves to gain the most profit.

Current Geoarbitrage Hot Spots

Although the properties that make the best investments change rapidly as housing markets shift, some of the major players you should consider in 2025 include:

1.) Philippines

The country is seeing a lot of infrastructure development, making big cities the ideal location for investment. Some of the pros of buying property in the Philippines include their growing middle class with needs for rentals and high potential returns. Do be aware of foreign ownership restrictions, such as for condo ownership. Aligning with a locally based partner may be the way to go if you want to invest in condominiums. Continue Reading…

U.S.-listed ADRs: A Smart way for Canadian Investors to buy Foreign Stocks

ADRs (American Depository Receipts) are a great way for Canadian investors to invest in foreign stocks

TSInetwork.ca

Our view on foreign investing is that for most investors, U.S. stocks can provide all the foreign exposure they need.

We also feel that virtually all Canadian investors should have 20% to 30% of their portfolios in the U.S. stocks that we recommend in our Wall Street Stock Forecaster newsletter.

What is an ADR?

An ADR (American Depositary Receipt) is a negotiable certificate issued by a U.S. bank that represents shares of a foreign company, allowing American investors to buy and trade foreign stocks on U.S. exchanges in U.S. dollars without dealing with foreign currencies or international brokerages: essentially making it easier for Americans to invest in companies like Nestlé, Toyota, or Diageo plc through their regular  brokerage accounts.

How do ADRs differ from regular U.S. stocks?

ADRs differ from regular U.S. stocks in several key ways: they represent foreign companies traded in U.S. dollars on U.S. exchanges but carry additional fees (administrative costs, currency conversion expenses), often lack voting rights, may have lower liquidity and wider bid-ask spreads, face foreign exchange rate risk, and have different regulatory reporting requirements depending on their level (I, II, or III), while regular U.S. stocks offer direct ownership with full voting rights, higher transparency, and typically lower costs.

What’s the difference between sponsored and unsponsored ADRs?

Sponsored ADRs are created with the cooperation and agreement of the foreign company, which works directly with a U.S. depositary bank that handles recordkeeping, paperwork, and dividend payments, while unsponsored ADRs are issued by broker-dealers without the foreign company’s involvement, participation, or even consent, and may not meet full SEC requirements: sponsored ADRs generally offer better investor protections and more reliable information than unsponsored ones.

Why should a Canadian investor consider ADRs?

A Canadian investor should consider ADRs to gain easy access to foreign companies, particularly from Europe, Asia, and emerging markets. That allows for greater portfolio diversification beyond North American markets while trading in familiar US-dollar-denominated securities on major U.S. exchanges like the NYSE and Nasdaq: all the while eliminating the complexity of dealing with multiple foreign currencies and international brokerage accounts.

If you want to add more foreign content, you could buy individual stocks. But for most investors, directly investing in foreign stocks can add an extra layer of risk and expense. As well, timely and accurate information about overseas companies is not always available, and securities regulations vary widely between countries. It can also be hard for your broker to buy shares on foreign markets without paying a premium. Tax rules and restrictions on transferring funds between nations add further uncertainty and cost.

Understanding the ins and outs of ADRs

All in all, we think the best way to invest in foreign stocks is to buy high-quality firms that trade on the New York Stock Exchange as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). An American Depositary Receipt is a U.S. traded proxy for a foreign stock and represents a specified number of shares in that foreign corporation.

ADRs are bought and sold on U.S. stock markets, just like regular stocks, and are issued or sponsored in the U.S. by a bank or brokerage firm. If you own an ADR, you have the right to obtain the foreign stock it represents. However, investors usually find it more convenient to continue to hold the ADR and to sell the ADR when it no longer serves their needs.

One ADR certificate may represent one or more shares of the foreign stock. Or, if the stock is expensive, the ADR may represent a fraction of a share; that way the ADR will start out trading at a moderate price or be in the range of similar securities trading on the U.S. exchange. Continue Reading…

The five worst investments we’ve owned

Tawcan/unsplash

By Bob Lai, Tawcan

Special to Financial Independence Hub

I started investing in mutual funds and stocks shortly after entering the workforce. Back then, I didn’t really know what I was doing, so I followed many “ investment hot tips.” Over time, I made a lot of investment mistakes and encountered my fair share of failures.

When it comes to investing, there’s no such thing as a “perfect” investor. Making mistakes is part of an investor’s life. Mistakes are simply unavoidable. So be careful when someone claims to be an investing guru and declares that he or she has never made any investment mistakes!

Even if you look at professional sports, there’s no such thing as a 100% batting average, a 100% passing completion rate, or a 100% 3-point percentage. Being “100%” is simply not possible.

In case you’re wondering, in baseball, a batting average of 0.300 or higher is generally considered excellent; in hockey, a shooting percentage above 15% (number of goals scored divided by number of shots taken and multiplied by 100) or higher is considered excellent; in football, a 70% or higher completion percentage is considered excellent; in basketball, a 40% or higher 3-point percentage is consider excellent.

There are two key things in investing:

  1. Limit mistakes and failures
  2. Maximize winners

That’s why legendary investors like Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Mohnish Pabrai, Bill Ackman, and John Templeton all have made millions but still have had their shares of mistakes.

Since I started investing as a young adult, then started our Financial Independence journey in 2011, Mrs. T and I have built our investment portfolio from almost nothing to over seven figures. Over that time, we have made mistakes, which I have shared a few times on here. 

Looking at these mistakes posts I wrote, I thought they were too general. So, I thought it would be interesting to share more specifics and details.

Here are the five worst investments we’ve owned.

Note: I went through our historical investment transactions for this post. I couldn’t help but laugh at some of these bad investments.

1.) HNU – BetaPro Natural Gas Leveraged Daily Bull

HNU is a leveraged ETF from Global X. It aims to provide investors up to double the exposure to the daily performance of the BetaPro Natural Gas Rolling Futures Index. The idea is to provide investors the opportunity to benefit from daily price increases in natural gas.

I was trading HNU between 2009 and 2011. The basic idea is to trade often and try to take advantage of the 2x leverage exposure from this ETF.

There were a few things stacked up against me:

  • Futures trading is extremely complicated. I had no clue how the natural gas index would perform over time.
  • I had a very simplistic view when it came to natural gas price – price would go up in winter and price would go down in summer, simply due to demand
  • There was no such thing as free trades back then, so I was paying $4.95 (Questrade) per transaction
  • The natural gas index was highly unpredictable (at least to me)
Natural gas index from 2008 to 2012

Natural gas index from 2008 to 2012

Initially, I had some small successes, making between 10% to 40% gains with my trades. That was the proverbial ‘kiss of death’ as I thought making money was easy!

Because of the 2x bull nature of the ETF, things turned ugly in early 2011 when the natural gas price went into a free fall. The 2x bull thing worked against me and meant I was losing money fast! Twice as fast as “normal.”

I learned my lesson and got out of the silly leveraged ETF trading practice and never got back into it.

2.) Just Energy (JE.TO)

When we first started dividend growth investing, we knew very little about the key stock metrics like the P/E ratio and the payout ratio. We were simply focused on dividend yield (such a rookie mistake!)

Naturally, we went to an online stock tool and ranked Canadian dividend stocks by dividend yield. Just Energy was a stock with one of the highest yields, so we sank a few thousand dollars into Just Energy.

We spent very little research on the money and knew nothing about how Just Energy operated and how they were making money. All we knew was that Just Energy was a Canadian-based electricity and natural gas retailer operating in North America.

Note: That’s why you should take a look at the Best Canadian Dividend Stocks list.

Like HNU, the stock performed alright initially and we were happy collecting dividends (JE was mentioned in many of our monthly dividend reports early on).

Eventually JE stock price went into a tailspin and we closed out the position in mid-2014, losing about $1,500 or about 47% of our initial investment (yes, we collected about $520 in dividends, but half of that was reinvested for more shares).

In case you’re wondering, I googled Just Energy out of curiosity and this is what I found:

  • On December 15, 2022, the company announced it would be delisted from the NEX board of the TSX Venture Exchange
  • The company’s shares now trade on the Over-the-Counter (OTC) market, typically with lower liquidity and potentially higher volatility compared to the TSX

Ouch!

3.) Laurentian Bank (LB.TO)

For a long time, we owned the Big Six Banks in Canada – Royal Bank, TD, Bank of Montreal, Bank of Nova Scotia, CIBC, and National Bank. Since we have done quite well with all six of these positions, I thought it would be a good idea to continue investing in Canadian banks.

Laurentian Bank was enticing because it had a solid dividend growth history and a good initial yield. We filtered LB.TO as one of the potential stocks to purchase after going through the Canadian Dividend All Star list.

Below is what I wrote about Laurentian Bank in my 2018 dividend consideration:

“Laurentian Bank has seen its share price retreating over the last little while. At a PE ratio of 9.9, it is one of the cheapest Canadian banks available from a PE ratio evaluation point of view. With a 10-year dividend payout increase streak and a 10-year dividend growth rate of 7.8%, LB has a solid dividend track record.

LB certainly isn’t as big as the big 5 Canadian banks, with most of its branches in eastern Canada. So from a future growth point of view, LB may not grow as quickly compared to its Canadian peers.

One of the concerns with Laurentian Bank is that it has high exposure to residential mortgages. In the fourth-quarter earnings, LB disclosed that an internal audit found some documentation issues on some mortgages it had sold to a third-party company. As a result, the bank has decided to buy back $392 million of problematic mortgages from the third-party.

Having said all that, I think at the current share price, it may make sense to purchase some shares of LB, collect dividend income, and see what the future holds.

Furthermore, it also makes sense to expand our banking exposure to outside of the Canadian big 6. Laurentian Bank of Canada is relatively small compared to the Canadian Big 6. If LB manages to grow outside of eastern Canada and possibly internationally in the future, the earnings will go up.”

The problem with Laurentian Bank? The share price started to slide shortly after we initiated the position and the share price never went back up to $46, our cost basis.

LB stock performance
LB stock performance

Looking back, my mistakes with the LB.TO purchase were:

  • I pointed out the following in my original statement – Laurentian Bank isn’t as big as the big 5 Canadian banks,” “LB may not grow as quickly compared to its Canadian peers,” and “LB has a high exposure to residential mortgages.” Well, they all turned out to be true
  • I failed to look at the big picture. A bank that was concentrated in Quebec had significant limitations in terms of growth

Laurentian Bank tried to sell itself over the past few years but there was no buyer. None of the Big Six Banks wanted to touch LB. That itself is a tell-tale sign of the state of the Laurentian Bank’s business!

4.) HND – Betapro Natural Gas Inverse Leverage Daily Bear

Since I wrote about HNU earlier, I had to mention HND, GlobalX’s Betapro Natural Gas Inverse Leveraged Daily Bear ETF, to keep myself accountable.

HND is like HNU but works in reverse. HND aims to give investors up to double the inverse exposure to the daily performance of the Betapro Natural Gas Rolling Future Index, providing a strategic opportunity to potentially benefit from price declines in natural gas.

I started buying HND as a way to protect myself from the daily movements of the natural gas index. The idea is to buy some HNU and HND and come out positive in the end.

Since I couldn’t accurately predict which way the natural gas index would go, I was betting blind. That was a very stupid strategy!

In reality, things didn’t work that way. I was getting a double whammy from both HND and HNU!

5.)  Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp (AQN.TO)

I can’t mention the five worst investments we’ve owned without mentioning AQN.

AQN used to be one of the darlings in the Canadian dividend growth investor community. The company had solid renewable energy assets, good revenues, an attractive yield, and a solid dividend growth record.

Due to poor company decisions, excessive spending, and weak mismanagement, the stock price went into a death spiral. The company sold some assets to try to stabilize its books rather than cutting dividends. When that didn’t work out, the company eventually cut its dividends a couple of times, but it was a little too late. The stock price went from a high of $20 to below $8.

We closed AQN in November 2023 and ended up with a loss of 40%, not including dividends.

This was a very humbling learning mistake and one of the worst investments we have owned.

Summary – The five worst investments we’ve owned

There you have it, the five worst investments we’ve owned. I had a few laughs at myself looking back at these terrible investments and wondering what the heck I was thinking. At the same time, it was good that we made most of these mistakes early on during our financial independence journey (except AQN) so we can learn from these mistakes.

What are the key lessons I have learned and the key principles I have developed from owning these five investments?

  1. Never leverage, that includes borrowing money to invest and use leveraged ETFs
  2. No penny stocks (I didn’t include any here but owned a few in the past)
  3. No niche ETFs, especially ones I don’t understand

I can’t say we won’t make any more mistakes as we move forward. The key, as mentioned, is to limit the number of mistakes and maximize winners.

What are some of your worst investments?

Hi there, I’m Bob from Vancouver, Canada. My wife & I started dividend investing in 2011 with the dream of living off dividends in our 40’s. Today our portfolio generates over $5,000 in dividends per month. We originally dreamed to become financial independent and live off dividends by 2025. Although we could live off dividends by supplementing it with a part time income in 2025, we aren’t in a rush to cross so called “finish line.” Therefore, we are taking it easy and we plan to realize the dream of living off dividends before 2030. This post originally appeared on Tawcan on July 7, 2025 and is republished on Findependence Hub with the permission of Bob Lai.