Building Wealth

For the first 30 or so years of working, saving and investing, you’ll be first in the mode of getting out of the hole (paying down debt), and then building your net worth (that’s wealth accumulation.). But don’t forget, wealth accumulation isn’t the ultimate goal. Decumulation is! (a separate category here at the Hub).

GreedyRates.ca: The 5 degrees of Financial Freedom

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Image: GreedyRates.ca/Shutterstock

My first article for GreedyRates.ca ran over the weekend. Click on The 5 Degrees of Financial Freedom for the full article. It talks about how many terms in personal finance are used interchangeably, and often imprecisely: financial security, financial independence, retirement and especially financial freedom.

I suggest that most of us travel through a financial life cycle as predictable as the human life cycle, and there is a corresponding hierarchy of growth stages that we need to keep in mind in order to continually meet and exceed our financial goals. But because the term financial freedom can apply to so many stages, I argue it’s better to use more precise terms to identify the various degrees of Financial Freedom.

From the 5-stage hierarchy below, I argue that the key milestone in our financial lives is Findependence (a contraction of Financial Independence), a turning point that I define as the moment all sources of passive income exceed your monthly living expenses. Note that the full version at GreedyRates.ca contains three key bullet points for each of the stages, for a total of 15. Below, I summarize just the stages themselves.

Stage (Sub) 0: Indebted Wage Slavery

We may start out our financial lives with student debt, credit-card debt or mortgage debt in the early years of forging careers and raising families. Whatever its nature, debt keeps you chained to employment or work of some type.  Since those starting their financial journey in debt haven’t really begun their financial journey at all, I call the preliminary stage Stage 0. As a character in my financial novel, Findependence Day, tells a young Millennial couple still in debt: “You can’t climb the tower of wealth while you’re still mired in the basement of debt.”

Stage 1: Financial Security

The next level to aspire to in the ascending hierarchy is Financial Security. In this stage you have eliminated your debts and have accumulated enough wealth so that your absolutely necessary monthly expenses (rent/mortgage, food, utilities, travel and basic entertainment) are taken care of for the near future.

Stage 2: Financial Vitality

It can take a long time just to establish a modicum of financial security but I argue you need to aim higher than mere financial survival and embrace what Tony Robbins dubs Financial Vitality. You want enough flexibility in your cash flow that, after the necessities are taken care of, you can enjoy little luxuries like new clothing or intangibles like gym or yoga memberships, and attend the occasional sporting or cultural event. It’s the difference between financially surviving and financially thriving.

Continue Reading…

How to stop worrying and embrace market Volatility

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By WisdomTree ETFs
Following one of the most tranquil years in stock market history, volatility came roaring back in late January and early February. Many investors were calling for the inevitable return of volatility in 2018, ourselves included. That said, few foresaw how quickly and how violently that prediction would come to fruition. While there was some debate as to what exactly prompted the pickup in volatility (with everything from inflation to inverse volatility exchange-traded products to the all-encompassing “quants” being blamed), the bottom line is that the spike in the Volatility Index (VIX) left equity investors running for cover.

 

One thing we found interesting was that during the height of the correction, the MSCI Emerging Markets Index outperformed the S&P 500 by almost 150 basis points on the downside, with other emerging market (EM) strategies holding up even better.1 Given that the EM asset class historically has had a standard deviation about 50% higher than that of the S&P, EM investors who may have expected the performance of EM to be worse than that of the U.S. were likely pleasantly surprised.

Valuation’s impact on Beta

The EM outperformance brings to mind a concept that Jeremy Grantham has written about: beta is a critical component of explaining relative performance, but valuation can influence beta. Assets that are more expensive relative to their history may experience volatility above their expected levels (and vice versa). When an asset’s price outruns its fundamentals, a downturn in the market can be disproportionally negative when the music stops.

This is the exact same idea that underpins WisdomTree’s original investment philosophy and why we focus on fundamentals. Regarding those fundamentals, within EM we remain encouraged by corporate earnings and believe that the attractive valuation currently offered by the asset class is being underappreciated. As such, the recent sell-off may have provided us with a live case study that validates the dynamic beta concept.

Using Volatility as a Buy signal

As our Chief Investment Strategist Luciano Siracusano recently noted, when the VIX spikes upward, the following 12 months historically have seen strong returns for the S&P 500. Taking it a step further, while elevated VIX levels have portended good times for U.S. equity investors, EM equity investors have had even greater reason to cheer. Continue Reading…

Stop cheating yourself out of tax savings: Tips to get the biggest refund

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By Clayton Brown

(Sponsor Content)

The CRA might not exactly be falling over themselves to help you get a nice tax refund. A recent audit showed the agency blocked more than half the calls it was getting (that’s 29 million calls out of 53.5 million) because … well, it just could not handle all of the call volume.

And even when Canadians did get through, agents gave the wrong information about 30 per cent of the time. So, Canadians might need a little help in figuring out how to file their taxes the right way; ideally, so they get the maximum refund they deserve.

Here are some things you can do around tax time to make sure you get the money that should be coming to you:

Take your deductions and claim your credits

The CRA likes its revenue but successive governments have created various options to give the taxpayer some breathing room. Deductions are one of the few variables in your favour, lowering your taxable income, so make the most of them.

Probably one of the best known ones comes from RRSP contributions.

You can contribute up to 18 per cent of your previous tax year’s earned income, plus unused room carried forward from previous years. This helps you pay less tax now, and assuming your income is lower in retirement, also helps you pay less tax later on. By now, you should have all your RRSP receipt slips from your financial institution. (Make sure you keep those receipts, in case auditors come calling).

Another tactic: claiming deductions for child care costs. The government wants to encourage parents to buff up their skills and improve their job prospects. For instance, you can deduct up to $8,000 per child who is under 7 years old. For children aged 7 to 16, you can deduct up to $5,000 for those eligible child care expenses.

Canadians can also claim the interest on certain student loans as a credit. This credit is not like a deduction (where a $1 deduction translates into $1 less taxable income, up to a limit). However, it can still significantly lower a tax bill for those struggling to finally pay off student debt after they’ve finished school.

There are many more deductions and credits available, so don’t leave money on the table!

Love those Spousal RRSPs

Marriage is a beautiful thing. Being with the person you love, sharing memories … and don’t forget about those tax advantages! (Technically, they also apply to common-law spouses, so you don’t have to get hitched to reap the rewards).

These tips generally apply where one spouse earns quite a bit more than the other. In that case, it can make sense for the higher-earning partner to contribute to a Spousal RRSP.

So, let’s say Ned makes $80,000 in salary at his engineering job. Meanwhile, Ned’s wife, Claire, earns just over $50,000 as a manager in an electronics store.

They are both contributing to their own individual RRSPs (Ned saved $6,000 in his. Claire saved $4,000). But Ned also puts $5,000 into a Spousal RRSP. Since Claire’s income is lower, she is the holder of the Spousal RRSP and she will be the one withdrawing income from it. The ideal result, if they’re doing it right: when she makes a withdrawal, it will be taxed at a lower rate than if Ned withdrew it from his own RRSP. Continue Reading…

Investing amid daily market noise

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“Don’t miss the donut by looking through the hole.”
— Author Unknown

Many investors prefer access to plenty of information as they seek to achieve their goals, typically funding for retirement. Some even want a deluge of information. I thought it was instructive to have a closer look at this investing approach.

For example, last week investors were treated to making sense of 19 major economic data releases, such as jobs, factory orders and consumer credit. This week that number drops to a mere 15 releases, followed by another 17 and 15 for the next two weeks. And that list just covers the US economy! Heaven help those who also feel like tracking China, Japan or Europe.

More data will soon be on its way with the release of quarterly earnings and future prospects for a bevy of companies. If this feels like taking on a herculean task, you are right. So, let’s deal with the key question: “Do you allow the volumes of daily noise to influence your investing?”

First a candid observation. Investors are very keen to find facts, figures, data, trends, people, information and institutions that agree with their existing views. Then they proceed to ignore all the other people and data that contradict their beliefs and positions. This is commonly known as “confirmation bias.”

Few investors have the courage to disregard the massive daily volumes of research, predictions, data and advice readily available from many sources. Those savvy investors know it’s best not to react to short term distractions coming their way each and every day. Call it market noise, especially, during large market swings.

So, let’s deal with the key question: ‘Do you allow the volumes of daily noise to influence your investing?’

I learned long ago that having oodles of information at your fingertips is simply not required.  One basic principle of successful investing is to ignore the daily avalanche of short term events. Investment experience will improve by paying more attention to your guiding principles.

Handling information excess


All investors display some level of confirmation bias. All of us believe we are open minded. However, the facts show that bias shapes the opinions we value. Yet, knowing about it and accepting that it does exist, helps make attempts to recognize it. That usually assists in seeing things from another perspective.

I suggest that adopting this approach is helpful: Remind yourself that markets are logical, while investors are emotional. Distractions of the day will tempt you to take your eyes off the ball. Hence, try not to get sidetracked.

  1. Keep your focus on your long-term goals and objectives. That is your top priority. After all, managing your money is a long journey, not a short sprint.
  2. Get ahead of the curve. Learn to be more proactive and less reactive. Develop your personal game plan that stewards your wealth. Then proceed to make it happen over time.

Think of it this way. If you start the investing process at age 30, it takes roughly 30 years to accumulate your nest egg. That leaves the following 30 years to enjoy spending some or all of it. Perhaps, also pass some onto your loved ones.

These 30-year ballparks are far too long for you to be preoccupied with chasing bias that does not work. You need to recognize that having information at your beck and call contributes little to you becoming a better investor

I recommend that your main task is to start turning off the sources of daily noise as soon as you can. Once this is accomplished, that feeling of liberation settles in over the nest egg.

I’m keenly interested in how you turned off the taps. A note is appreciated. Thank you.

Adrian Mastracci, Discretionary Portfolio Manager, B.E.E., MBA started in the investment and financial advisory profession in 1972. He graduated with the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering from General Motors Institute in 1971, then attended the University of British Columbia, graduating with the MBA in 1972. This blog is republished here with permission from Adrian’s website, where it appeared April 10th.

The 10 worst mistakes that new Entrepreneurs are likely to make

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By Abby Vonda

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

When you’re starting your own business for the first time, it’s all about learning from your mistakes. But it can save you a lot of time, effort and money if you manage to avoid them altogether. Here are some of the 10 worst mistakes you can make as a beginner entrepreneur:

1.) Being too inflexible

Your business idea may look great on paper but in practice things rarely go as predicted. You may come across unexpected challenges and opportunities once your business gets off the ground. Don’t be so inflexible that you fail to recognise them.

2.) Forgetting your Vision

While flexibility is key, you don’t want to move in too many different directions at once. It will spread your time and resources too thinly. Keep your vision clearly in mind. It may adapt over time. But you should always have a reference point to come back to.

3.) Beating yourself up over Setbacks

When you’re just starting out, any setbacks can really dent your confidence and motivation. It’s important to remember that every business experiences these setbacks. And it’s learning to move forward and do things differently next time that will make your business stronger in the long run.

4.) Thinking you can do it all yourself

Very few people are able to master all aspects of entrepreneurship. Try to be aware of your own strengths and weaknesses. If you struggle with business administration or copywriting or keeping track of the numbers, get somebody on board to help you. This doesn’t even need to be a full time employee: freelancers and contract workers give you flexibility as well as the necessary expertise.

5.) Failing to consider Investment implications

When searching for initial investment, it can be tempting to jump at any offer. However, it’s worth taking your time to consider investment implications. What will it mean if investors have voting rights? And how would you feel if family members lose money, even in the short term, as a result of their investment?

6.) Keeping your idea too close to your chest

When you have a great idea, it’s tempting to keep it close to your chest. You don’t want anyone else to run off with it and get there first. But unless you are able to share your vision with others you may struggle to get it off the ground. Continue Reading…