Tag Archives: RRIFs

Real Life Investment Strategies #5: Retirement Decumulation Strategies

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Steps to Retire the Way you Want: Set Your Retirement Goals, Put your Money in the Right Places, and Optimize your Withdrawals

Graphic by Steve Lowrie: Canvas Custom Creation

By Steve Lowrie, CFA

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Most of us feel young well into our 60s (or even later) and retirement seems like a faraway concern for the distant future. However, thinking about your retirement early allows you to comfortably enjoy your later years no matter what your priorities are – leaving a legacy for your loved ones, travelling, spending time on hobbies close to home or any combination. Putting together a retirement income plan early gives you the best path to safeguard your financial freedom post-retirement.

Retirement income planning doesn’t mean constant worrying and going without today. It just means taking stock of where you are financially, where you want to be in the future, and setting up a plan to get there. That retirement plan could include setting up the right investment strategies now to allow you the flexibility you’ll need in the future to generate cashflow from the right places and pay the least amount of tax. It also could mean contributing regularly and consistently now so you don’t have to make up for lost ground in the future.

Let’s get into what retirement investment vehicles and strategies you have, how to think about your retirement priorities and goals, and how you can plan a decumulation strategy for the retirement you want and deserve.

Your Retirement Vehicle Options

When thinking about retirement vehicle options, I like to visualize pots or buckets of money; each of those pots represent a savings vehicle from which you can withdraw retirement cash flow. Whether it’s pots or jars or briefcases filled with cash that you imagine, here are the labels you can put on them:

It’s crucial to consider all of the different retirement “pots” you currently have or need set up. For couples, it’s also important to remember these options apply to both spouses which can be extremely advantageous for your retirement withdrawal plan.

Your Retirement Priorities & Goals

Once you’ve explored your retirement savings vehicle options, you’ll want to determine your priorities and define your goals.

It’s a bit of a balancing act where you might need to make some decisions to prioritize your goals. Do you:

  • Maximize your retirement income and fun (lifestyle needs, travel, etc.) OR
  • Leave a financial legacy for your family and loved ones OR
  • Focus on charitable donations

To help you prioritize your goals, we’ve got some great blogs on this topic to get you thinking:

Remember, it doesn’t necessarily need to be one goal vs. the other. However, you may need to consider how you can achieve all your goals, perhaps by weighting their importance (my retirement fun: 60, legacy for the kids: 30, charity: 10). Or you could consider how to distribute your specific investment “pots”, for example, you may choose to spend all financial assets and leave the kids the real estate.

A few more tips to help with your retirement goal prioritization:

  • Keep your retirement goals realistic – you’ll want to ensure you have the ability to reach your goals with highest probability.
  • Balance your spending, savings, and withdrawals to align with goals.
  • Review the location of your savings in the necessary “pots” to ensure you can meet your goals optimally.
  • Focus on minimizing tax – determine the best strategy for your priorities today and tomorrow. You can pay tax now or later (estate timing) or your plan can be to smooth out your tax outlay over time. This is a key consideration when allocating your savings into your investment vehicles.
  • Timing – as the old adage goes, timing is everything and I don’t mean market timing. From an investment perspective, the best approach is systematic and consistent contributions and properly planned withdrawals.
  • Be flexible – the longer you have between now and retirement, the more that things can change, including your goals and financial circumstances.

Retirement Decumulation Strategies in Action

Let’s look at how people just like you can implement these retirement decumulation strategies to reach their retirement goals.

The Accumulators: Suzie and Trevor Hall (When We First Met Them)

Financial Accumulators Suzie and Trevor Hall
  • In their late 40s
  • Still deep in their accumulation years
  • Two teenage children
  • Own a home, which is almost fully paid off
  • Have been good about living within their means and diligently saving
  • Hope to retire within 15–20 years
  • Want to fully fund their children’s education
  • Plan to complete home renovations before they retire

During their accumulation years, Suzie and Trevor followed advice from their independent financial advisor:

  • Start with planning, not investing.
  • Establish a spending plan.
  • Invest systematically.
  • Do a lifeboat drill.
  • Remember that it’s priced in.
  • Established an appropriate emergency fund and lifestyle reserve. Continue Reading…

Retired Money: The LIRA-to-LIF deadline and more on the RRSP-to-RRIF deadline

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My latest MoneySense Retired Money column is the second part of an in-depth-look at the deadline those with RRSPs don’t want to miss once they turn 71. Part 1 appeared in March and can be found here.

The full new column can be found by clicking on the highlighted headline here: RRSP to RRIF, and LIRA to LIF: How it all gets done.

For convenience, here are some highlights:

The first column looked at the necessity of winding up RRSPs by the end of the year you  turn 71: a topic that becomes increasingly compelling as the deadline approaches. This followup column looks at two related topics: the similar deadline of LIRA-to-LIF conversions and the alternative of full or partial annuitization.

LIRAs are Locked-in Retirement Accounts and analogous to RRSPs, albeit with different rules. They usually originate from some employer pension to which you once contributed in a former job. To protect you from yourself you can’t extract funds in your younger years unless you qualify for a few needs-based exceptions. LIFs are Life Income Funds, in effect the annuities LIRAs are obliged to become, also at the end of your 71st year.

The full MoneySense column looks at our personal experience in converting my wife’s LIRA to a LIF, aided by Rona Birenbaum, founder of Caring for Clients. Note that the timing of the conversion is NOT affected by having a younger spouse: that only affects the annual minimum withdrawal calculus.

In my case, having turned 71 early this April, I have until the end of this year (2024) to convert my RRSP to a RRIF. The first required minimum withdrawal must occur in 2025: by the end of 2025 I must have withdrawn the annual minimum.

You can choose RRIF payment frequencies: usually monthly, quarterly, semi annually or once a year: you just have to specify which date. I imagine we’ll go monthly.

Currently, our retirement accounts are held at the discount brokerage unit of a Canadian bank, although we use a second discount broker for some non-registered holdings. While the LIRA will be the basis of an annuity provided by an insurer selected by Caring for Clients, most of our RRSPs will likely become RRIFs, probably by November of this year.  Our hope is that we will keep largely the same investments as are being held now and administer them ourselves, with an eye to maintaining enough cash to meet our monthly withdrawal targets.

Self-directed RRIFs

The new vehicle will bear a familiar name for those with self-directed RRSPs: it’s a Self-directed RRIF. At our bank, it was a simple matter of entering the RRSP and finding the link to convert it to a self-directed RRIF. Once there, you tick boxes on when you want the money, withdrawal frequency and (optionally) choose a tax withholding rate. You can also specify that your withdrawals will be based on your spouse’s age, assuming they are younger.

You can of course also go through a similar process with any financial institution’s full-service brokerage or investment advisor, ideally with at least one face-to-face meeting.  One thing Birenbaum says retirees often miss is specifying tax withholding, since there is no minimum withholding tax period required on the minimum withdrawal. I imagine we will ask to have 30% tax taken out at the time of each withdrawal: which is what we do with existing pension income. It’s on the high side to make up for the fact we also have taxable investment income (mostly dividends) that is NOT taxed at source.

             “I find the majority of retirees like having that withholding tax held at source so they don’t have to deal with installments and owing the CRA.” You can of course have more than 30% withheld.

            With a LIRA, you need to get the account liquid before the money is sent to the insurance company to annuitize. This means keeping tabs on the maturity dates of GICs or other fixed income.

            The paperwork is minimal: we provided a recent LIRA statement, then had an online meeting with one of Birenbaum’s insurance-licensed advisors to go through the application, then sign a transfer form to move the cash to the insurance company for a deferred annuity. The transfer takes a few weeks, with the actual annuity rate determined when the insurance company actually receives the money: registered transfers are recalculated at the point of purchase. There is a form T2033, which is an RRSP-to-RRIF transfer form that moves the money from the bank to the insurance company.

Having a mix of RRIF and annuities

Semi-retired actuary and author Fred Vettese says he has endorsed retirees buying a life annuity ever since the first edition of his book “Retirement Income for Life” back in 2018. “If you buy one, it should be a joint-and-survivor type, meaning it pays out a benefit to the survivor for life.” Continue Reading…

What Experts get wrong about the 4% Rule

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Pexels Photo by Miguel Á. Padriñán

By Michael J. Wiener

Special to Financial Independence Hub

 

The origin of the so-called 4% rule is WIlliam Bengen’s 1994 journal paper Determining Withdrawal Rates Using Historical Data.  Experts often criticize this paper saying it doesn’t make sense to keep your retirement withdrawals the same in the face of a portfolio that is either running out of money or is growing wildly.  However, Bengen never said that retirees shouldn’t adjust their withdrawals.  In fact, Bengen discussed the conditions under which it made sense to increase or decrease withdrawals.

Bengen imagined a retiree who withdrew some percentage of their portfolio in the first year of retirement, and adjusted this dollar amount by inflation for withdrawals in future years (ignoring the growth or decline of the portfolio).  He used this approach to find a safe starting percentage for the first year’s withdrawal, but he made it clear that real retirees should adjust their withdrawal amounts in some circumstances.

In his thought experiment, Bengen had 51 retirees, one retiring each year from 1926 to 1976.  He chose a percentage withdrawal for the first year, and calculated how long each retiree’s money lasted based on some fixed asset allocation in U.S. stocks and bonds.  If none of the 51 retirees ran out of money for the desired length of retirement, he called the starting withdrawal percentage safe.

For the specific case of 30-year retirements and stock allocations between 50% and 75%, he found that a starting withdrawal rate of 4% was safe.  This is where we got the “4% rule.”  It’s true that this rule came from a scenario where retirees make no spending adjustments in the face of depleted portfolios or wildly-growing portfolios.  So, he advocated choosing a starting withdrawal percentage where the retiree is unlikely to have to cut withdrawals, but he was clear that retirees should reduce withdrawals in the face of poor investment outcomes. Continue Reading…

Retired Money: A new DIY financial literacy course for aspiring Retirees

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Kyle Prevost: https://worryfreeretire.com/

My latest MoneySense Retired Money looks at a new Canadian DIY financial course created by MoneySense Making Sense of the Markets columnist Kyle Prevost [pictured above].

For the full column, click on the highlighted text: How to plan for retirement for Canadians: A review of Four Steps to a Worry-Free Retirement course.

November is of course Financial Literacy Month in Canada. And Kyle Prevost is well qualified to help Canadians boost their financial literacy, especially as it relates to Retirement.

In addition to being a subject matter expert in Canadian personal finance, Prevost is also a life-long teacher, which makes him doubly qualified to create this course, which he describes as a first in Canada.

And the combination shows: it’s a slick multi-media package that features snazzy graphics with voice-overs by Kyle himself, plus more in-depth PDF backgrounders and videos with various experts gathered through one of Prevost’s other projects: the annual Virtual Financial Summit (for which I have often been interviewed.)

Entitled 4 Steps to a Worry-Free Environment in Canada, the multi-media course is targeted to those thinking seriously of retiring from the workforce in the next decade or two, and even semi-retirees or those who have already reached that milestone but who want to finetune their retirement income strategy.

An ongoing theme throughout the course and related materials is “No one will care about your retirement as much as you do.” That’s a variant of the oft-used phrase “No one cares about your money more than you do.”

From CPP/OAS to Working for a Playcheck

You can find the course at this site: https://worryfreeretire.com/. You can get a flavor of what’s included before committing to payment by clicking on the “Tell me more” button. If you’re ready for the full enchilada, click on the “Get Started” button. There are various payment options, including major credit cards.

At C$499, the course does represent a major investment but the outlay could be considered a bargain if it helps some DIY retirees escape the clutches of a conflicted securities salesperson who cares more about their own retirement than that of their clients. Continue Reading…

Now that interest rates are higher, is it time for near-Retirees to consider partial Annuitization?

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My latest MoneySense Retired Money column looks at our own family’s experience in starting to annuitize. Click the highlighted text for the full column: Should retirees in their early 70s partly annuitize?

Apart from the fact interest rates are now closer to 5% than zero, my wife and I are approaching the time when our RRSPs must be collapsed, converted to RRIFs, or fully or partly annuitized. That of course is required by the end of the year you turn 71.

One financial blogger and financial planner was ahead of the curve on rates and annuities. A year ago, on his Boomer & Echo blog, Robb Engen made the case for annuities just as interest rates were starting to rise. See Using annuities to create your own personal pension in Retirement. “Annuities fell out of favour (if they ever were in favour) when interest rates plummeted over the past 10-15 years,” he wrote, “But with interest rates on the rise, annuities are certainly worth another look.”

Engen’s case for annuities revolves around how they minimize longevity risk: the fear many retirees have that they’ll outlive their money. “An annuity provides a predictable income stream for life – much like how a defined benefit pension, CPP, and OAS pays benefits for as long as you live. Nothing protects you from longevity risk quite like having a guaranteed income that’s paid for life.”

 Those who lack an employer-sponsored Defined Benefit pension plan and therefore have hefty RRSPs are particular candidates for annuitization. Yes, it’s true that most Canadians will have some inflation-indexed annuities in the form of the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Old Age Security (OAS) but some may feel comfortable transferring a bit of stock-market and interest-rate risk from their own shoulders to that of the insurance companies that offer annuities.

With respect to the interest rate rises of the past year and what it means for annuities, “I agree that the timing is ripe for those approaching retirement,” says Rona Birenbaum, founder of Toronto-based Caring for Clients, a financial planning firm that includes annuities in its recommendations.

 Birenbaum – who is working to help our own family take a partial plunge to annuitization – suggested looking first to non-registered money that could be earmarked for an annuity, as it’s very tax efficient. Alterntively, “using RRSP assets makes sense providing the lack of liquidity doesn’t constrain future needs.”

Moshe Milevsky a fan of “slow partial” annuitization

Famed finance expert Moshe Milevsky, who has authored several books on retirement and annuities – notably Pensionize Your Nest Egg, coauthored with Alexandra Macqueen — told me in an email that “I will say that I have grown to become a fan of ‘slow partial’ as opposed to ‘rapid full’ annuitization, which helps smooth out the interest rate risk and is even more valuable from a behavioral psychological perspective.” Continue Reading…