Hub Blogs

Hub Blogs contains fresh contributions written by Financial Independence Hub staff or contributors that have not appeared elsewhere first, or have been modified or customized for the Hub by the original blogger. In contrast, Top Blogs shows links to the best external financial blogs around the world.

Federal Budget 2025: Canada Strong

Posted By |

Department of Finance

Department of Finance: Francois-Philippe Champagne

Prime Minister Mark Carney’s first federal budget was delivered Tuesday afternoon shortly after 4 pm by Minister of Finance and National Revenue Francois-Philippe Champagne.

Go here for full documents and to find downloadable documents for the 405-page Budget. (The above screenshot is not enabled for downloading.)

Below is one of the first releases released by the Department of Finance website.  It’s followed with headlines and hyperlinks to the most recent Budget coverage in the Globe & Mail and National Post.

This blog may be revised as new updates arrive from various media sources.

 Government of Canada releases Budget 2025: Canada Strong

From: Department of Finance Canada

Canada’s new government puts forward a plan to build, protect, and empower Canada

November 4, 2025 – Ottawa, Ontario – Department of Finance Canada 

Canada faces a rapidly changing and increasingly uncertain world. The rules-based international order and the trading system that powered Canada’s prosperity for decades are being reshaped – hurting companies, displacing workers, causing major disruption and upheaval for Canadians.

In the face of global uncertainty, Canada’s new government is focused on what we can control. Budget 2025: Canada Strong is our plan to transform our economy from one that is reliant on a single trade partner, to one that is stronger, more self-sufficient, and more resilient to global shocks. Our plan builds on Canada’s strengths – world-class industries, skilled and talented workers, diverse trade partnerships, and a strong domestic market where Canadians can be our own best customers. We are creating an economy by Canadians, for Canadians.   

We are building Canada Strong. This is a plan to build the major infrastructure, homes, and industries that grow our economy and create lasting prosperity. This is a plan that will protect our communities, our borders, and our way of life. This is a plan to empower Canadians with better careers, strong public services, and a more affordable life. We are building a stronger economy, so that Canadians can build their own future.

To do that, Canada’s new government is delivering an investment budget. We are spending less on government operations – and investing more in the workers, businesses, and nation-building infrastructure that will grow our economy. Budget 2025 delivers on the government’s Comprehensive Expenditure Review to modernise government, improve efficiencies, and deliver better results and services for Canadians. It includes a total of $60 billion in savings and revenues over five years, and makes generational investments in housing, infrastructure, defence, productivity and competitiveness. These are the smart, strategic investments that will enable $1 trillion in total investments over the next five years through smarter public spending and stronger capital investment.

Countries across the world are facing global economic challenges – and Canada is no different. Budget 2025 is Canada’s new government’s plan to address these challenges from a position of strength, determination, and action. It is our plan to take control and build the future we want for ourselves, as a people and a country. It is our plan to build Canada Strong.

Quotes

“The global uncertainty we are facing demands bold action to secure Canada’s future. Budget 2025 is an investment budget. We are making generational investments to meet the moment and ensure our country doesn’t just weather this moment but thrives in it. This is our moment to build Canada Strong and our plan is clear – we will build our economy, protect our country, and empower you to get ahead. When we play to our strengths, we can create more for ourselves than can ever be taken away.”

The Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Finance and National Revenue

Quick facts

  • Canada has the fiscal capacity to meet its ambition:
    • Canada has the lowest net debt-to-GDP ratio in the G7 at 13.3 per cent according to the IMF October 2025 Fiscal Monitor. Canada also has one of the lowest deficit-to-GDP ratios in the G7, second only to Japan. This strong fiscal position enables us to respond to global challenges.
    • Canada is one of only two G7 economies with a AAA credit rating, making Canada one of the best places to invest in the world.
    • Canada has the best deal of any U.S. trading partner, with 85 per cent of our trade tariff-free. While some sectors remain deeply impacted, overall, Canadian exporters benefit from the lowest average U.S. tariff of any country at 5.4 per cent.
  • Budget 2025 rests on two fiscal anchors:
    • Balancing day-to-day operating spending with revenues by 2028–29, shifting spending toward investments that grow the economy; and
    • Maintaining a declining deficit-to-GDP ratio to ensure disciplined fiscal management for future generations.
  • In addition to the two fiscal anchors, Budget 2025 enables $1 trillion in total investments over the next five years through smarter public spending and stronger capital investment.

 

Here are some headlines with hyperlinks in red to the latest Globe & Mail stories on the budget, for those with subscriptions to the paper.

—————- Continue Reading…

Four ETFs to play the modern gold rush

Posted By |
Pixabay/olenchic

• Gold is shining again; prices have surged to record highs this year and are forecast to climb further.

• Central banks are buying at a record pace, while investors seek protection from rising debt and currency debasement through gold ETFs.

• BMO’s gold ETF suite offers choice: ZGLD for stability, ZGD for growth, and ZJG for high-octane exposure.

Gold shines in 2025

By Erin Allen, Director, Online Distribution, BMO ETFs

(Sponsor Blog) 

Gold’s reputation as an ancient store of value has rarely felt more modern.

The metal has been one of 2025’s standout performers among major asset classes, surging to record highs of around US$3,900 per ounce as of September 2025. The rally has been fueled by central bank buying, rising fiscal concerns, and investors seeking protection from a weakening U.S. dollar.

BMO Capital Markets recently lifted its gold price forecasts to an average of US$3,900 for the final quarter of 2025 and US$4,400 for 2026, reflecting what analysts describe as structural changes in the geopolitical and financial landscape¹.

The key driver: debt. With deficits in the U.S., Japan, and Europe ballooning, gold is increasingly being viewed not just as a safe haven, but as a strategic hedge against long-term currency debasement.

In this piece, we unpack what’s driving gold’s renewed strength, assess whether it’s sustainable, and outline ways investors can gain exposure through BMO ETFs from the physical metal itself to large and small-cap miners.

Central banks are quietly building reserves

One of the biggest tailwinds for gold has been record levels of central bank buying.

According to Reuters, central banks now hold 36,000 tonnes of gold, having added more than 1,000 tonnes annually for three consecutive years². This surge reflects a broad reassessment of what constitutes a safe asset.

Geopolitical instability and questions over the long-term stability of U.S. Treasuries have prompted central banks to diversify reserves. Gold has even overtaken the euro to become the second-largest global reserve asset, and for the first time since 1996, represents a larger share of reserves than Treasuries².

Chart 1: Foreign central banks hold more gold than Treasuries

Gold fell from 75% to 15% of reserves; Treasuries rose and surpassed gold holdings around 2023 for central banks.

The World Gold Council notes that while emerging markets typically hold 5–25% of their reserves in gold, developed economies hold more than 70%³. This steady official-sector accumulation underscores the global shift to tangible assets amid growing fiscal and political uncertainty.

Trade tensions and currency debasement fears

Gold’s strength also reflects what Bloomberg calls the “debasement trade.” As government debt piles up and fiscal discipline erodes, investors are moving out of major currencies and into alternative stores of value such as gold, silver, and Bitcoin⁴.

The U.S. dollar is down roughly 8% year-to-date, while gold continues to post record highs. Bloomberg notes that the current cycle echoes previous bouts of U.S. dollar weakness following the global financial crisis and periods of aggressive monetary easing⁴.

As George Heppel, Vice President, Commodity Research at BMO Capital Markets, explains, both cyclical and structural forces are converging¹:

“What we’re really seeing this year is the combination of a short-term thesis and a long-term thesis for holding gold, which has created a perfect storm for the metal. And naturally all of this increases concerns around sticky or growing inflation and the potential for negative real rates next year, which makes gold an attractive asset to be holding as an inflation hedge,” he says.

With U.S. debt climbing and political gridlock persisting, investors have reason to question the durability of fiat currencies. Gold, with no counterparty risk and a finite supply, has reasserted its role as a monetary anchor.

According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the recently passed One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) – also known as the “Trump tax cuts” – will add an estimated US$19 trillion to U.S. debt over 30 years as written, or US$32 trillion if made permanent⁵.

“The passage of OBBBA will put tremendous pressure on the nation’s fiscal and economic health. Layered onto an already unsustainable outlook, the new law increases the risk of higher interest costs, slower growth, volatile markets, and reduced capacity to respond to future crises or invest in national priorities,” the CBO warned.

Chart 2: Debt soars under OBBBA

Projected U.S. debt-to-GDP rises sharply from 2025 to 2054, peaking at 219% under the highest scenario in the chart.

All logos and trademarks of other companies and/or organizations are the property of those respective companies and/or organizations.

Gold ETF demand surges to near-record levels

While central banks are leading the charge, investors are not far behind.

According to ETF.com, global gold ETFs have attracted US$44 billion in inflows this year, equivalent to roughly 443 metric tonnes of the metal⁶. That puts 2025 on track to rival the record US$49.5 billion set in 2020: the strongest year ever for gold-backed funds. Canada alone saw over $1B flow into commodity ETFs, largely driven by gold, according to National Bank of Canada’s September flows report.

Gold ETFs have become the preferred way to access gold, offering liquidity, transparency, and simplicity: all without the complications of physical storage.

Investment banks turn bullish

Institutional sentiment has followed suit.

BMO analysts believe the gold market is undergoing profound structural change, driven by debt, inflation, and de-dollarization. The bank has raised its long-term gold-price assumption to US$3,000 per ounce, up from US$2,200, placing it near the top of sell-side consensus¹. Continue Reading…

Almost six in ten Canadians worry they’ll run out of money in Retirement: especially women and young people

Posted By |

The majority of Canadians are afraid they’ll run out of money in Retirement, especially women and young people, according to a survey released Wednesday morning by the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB).

The 2025 CPPIB Retirement Survey  (for Financial Literacy Month) says 59% of all Canadians are afraid of running out of money during Retirement, with the percentage jumping to 63% for women, compared to just 55% of men. It also found a whopping two thirds (66%) of Canadians aged 28 to 44 share the same fear. As the CPPIB graphic  below illustrates, those who have a financial plan are slightly less worried.

 

As you’d expect the CPPIB to point out, the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) helps protect retired Canadians from this risk: as it says above, CPP “benefits are payable as long as you live and [are] indexed to inflation.”

Indeed, CPP and the other main government retirement income program, Old Age Security, are both valuable sources of inflation-indexed retirement income. CPP is available as early as age 60 and OAS at 65 but a staple of Canadian personal finance commentary is that the longer you wait to receive benefits, the higher the benefits will be. In the best of all worlds, you’d wait until 70 for both programs to start paying out, even if you have to keep working longer and/or start withdrawing money from your RRSP before it’s mandated at age 71/72. (While the CPPIB doesn’t mention it, retirees with no other savings may also benefit from the Guaranteed Income Supplement to the OAS: and the GIS  is tax-free.)

The second graphic reproduced below is less straight-forward: it appears to present various excuses for delaying the creation of a proper financial plan to help get to Retirement. Roughly half of younger Canadians cite their need to advance their careers and make more money, and to buy their first home as priorities.


While it’s true that if nothing else, the future arrival of CPP and OAS benefits should put minds partially at ease about covering off basic Retirement expenses, it seems to me pretty obvious that at least for those who lack a generous employer-sponsored pension plan (ideally an inflation-indexed Defined Benefit pension), that it will be necessary to maximize savings in RRSPs and TFSAs as soon as possible.

Because of the Time Value of Money and the magic of compounding investment returns (especially when tax-deferred in RRSPs and TFSAs), the sooner you start saving in these vehicles the better. There’s no excuse not to make RRSP contributions from the get-go, ideally as soon as you land your first real job, since it reduces your income tax. Yes, decades from now when RRSPs become RRIFs you’ll have to pay some tax on the ultimate withdrawals, but that’s more than made up by the tax-deferred investment growth. Continue Reading…

Avoid being trapped by a Mortgage as a FIRE Retiree: 5 Tips

Posted By |

Can you really achieve Financial Independence when you still have a mortgage looming over you? Our insights will help you avoid feeling trapped by payments.

Image: Iryna for Adobe

By Dan Coconate

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Achieving Financial Independence early brings freedom, flexibility, and opportunities. But entering this new chapter requires thoughtful planning, especially when it comes to housing.

Avoid being trapped by a mortgage in early retirement by adopting a strategic approach that aligns with your financial goals. Whether you plan to downsize, relocate, or stay put, being proactive can preserve your hard-earned independence without a mortgage becoming a financial burden.

Below are five essential tips to guide you through managing your mortgage while protecting your financial independence.

Prioritize Paying off your Mortgage

Carrying a mortgage into Financial Independence can feel like dragging a heavy anchor. If you can, aim to own your home outright before retiring early. This eliminates one of the largest monthly expenses, giving you greater control over your budget. Many Canadians find success by accelerating their payments or making lump-sum contributions when possible. Debt-free living provides immense peace of mind and opens up new possibilities for pursuing the lifestyle you envisioned.

Consider Downsizing

Scaling down your home can offer financial and lifestyle benefits. Downsizing can free up home equity, reduce maintenance costs, and even lower property taxes. However, a well-thought-out plan ensures you don’t trade your current home for another financial burden.

It is possible to buy a new home before selling yours: you just need to be strategic about it. You also don’t have to limit yourself to smaller square footage; consider homes in less expensive areas or those better suited to your needs.

Explore Passive Income from Real Estate

Turning your property into a source of income can significantly offset costs. For instance, renting out a portion of your home or owning a rental property can transform your mortgage payment into a cash-flow opportunity. Many pursuing Financial Independence have increasingly tapped into short-term vacation rentals or long-term tenants to supplement their budgets. Proper research and planning ensure this approach aligns with your goals while providing notable financial advantages. Continue Reading…

3 books I just read that Retirees DIYing their pensions need to read

Posted By |
Amazon.ca

My latest MoneySense Retired Money column looks at a must-read new book on Retirement as well as two related books on DIY stock-investing. You can read the full column by clicking on the highlighted headline: Who you gonna trust: Barry Ritholtz or Jim Cramer?

The must read and main focus of the MoneySense column is William Bengen’s A Richer Retirement: Supercharging the 4% Rule to Spend More and Enjoy More. If that sounds familiar it should: Bengen’s original book on the 4% Rule is considered the bible of retirement, with his famous “SAFEMAX” guideline of 4% a year being an annual amount of withdrawals that should be “safe” for retirees to continue for a full 30 years, even after inflation. The original book,  titled Conserving Client Portfolios During Retirement, was first published in 2006.

Never mind that even Bengen considers 4.7% be a more universal SAFEMAX. The original book was aimed at financial advisors and professionals while the new one ostensibly is aimed at retail investors and retirees. I say ostensibly because I was a little disappointed with it and found the plethora of complicated charts and tables a bit much for lay investors. Still, there’s a lot of common sense there: Inflation is big long-term threat to retirees as are bear markets. Withdrawing too much from portfolios can be disastrous if you are unfortunate enough to retire just as a bear market hits and/or inflation starts to bite.

On the other hand, sticking with the old 4% rule or even the smaller amounts of 3% or even 2% advocated by some cautious souls, could result in you withdrawing less than you really need to enjoy retirement, although the tax department and any heirs might commend your caution and frugality.

How to make money in any market

Amazon.ca

While it’s rare for me to buy new hardcover books because I receive so many “free” review copies of financial books, I actually did buy A Richer Retirement as soon as it was available on Amazon. Plus, unusually, I also bought two other brand new books on the related topic of investing and stock-picking.

One was Jim Cramer’s How to make money in any market, by the sometimes revered but often maligned host of  CNBC shows Mad Money and Squawk on the Street. It’s fashionable for some financial journalists who believe in efficient markets and indexing to diss Cramer but I am not in that crowd. In fact, Cramer recommends that newcomers to investing put the first US$10,000 into an S&P500 index fund or ETF.

However, for seasoned investors and even retirees, Cramer suggests putting half a portfolio in index funds and the other half in individual stocks. Where we part company is his recommendation that the bucket of stocks be restricted to just five names, which would mean 10% in each. For my money, that’s way too concentrated and risky, even though he often brags about how he is often accosted by Nvidia Millionaires who tell him they bought that stock as soon as he announced on air that he had renamed his dog Nvidia.

How NOT to invest

Amazon.ca

Finally, regulars to this site may already have read Michael Wiener’s review of Barry Ritholtz’s How NOT to invest, which appeared here in this blog a few weeks after appearing on his Michael James on Money blog.

To be sure, those who are fond of disparaging Jim Cramer might quip that should have been the title of his own book, seeing as there are actually ETFs out there that try to profit by shorting Cramer’s picks. As of this writing, my copy has arrived but I have not yet finished reading it, as it’s a bit longer than the other two.

But based on the book blurbs and Michael’s review, I have no doubt it will be worth reading, whether for younger investors or seasoned ones and/or retirees.

Finally, while I only just received my review copy, I note that David Chilton is publishing a new edition of his classic financial novel, The Wealthy Barber, which any young person just starting to invest should acquire.  I look forward to revisiting it.