Debt & Frugality

As Didi says in the novel (Findependence Day), “There’s no point climbing the Tower of Wealth when you’re still mired in the basement of debt.” If you owe credit-card debt still charging an usurous 20% per annum, forget about building wealth: focus on eliminating that debt. And once done, focus on paying off your mortgage. As Theo says in the novel, “The foundation of financial independence is a paid-for house.”

Manage Fixed Income Uncertainty with Multiple Return Drivers

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By Mark Lindbloom and Travis Carr, Western Asset Management, a Franklin Templeton Specialist Investment Manager

(Sponsor Content)

The new investing year started with renewed uncertainty around the Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation, central bank policy and the global recovery.

What are Canadians with fixed income investments to do? Our answer is to use diversified strategies in this market to find yield across a broad range of sources.

This is certainly a challenging time for an investment manager to arrive in Canada, but we at Western Asset Management welcome the challenge to help Canadians build fixed income portfolios with substantial yield advantages within their risk tolerance.

Western Asset is a Specialist Investment Manager of Franklin Templeton, with US$492.4 billion in assets under management as of December 31, 2021. Founded in 1971, we specialize in active fixed income investing — it’s our sole focus. All our attention and resources are concentrated on the bond market and active strategies for investors. We are a globally integrated firm with offices and senior investment professionals in North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia, which gives us direct knowledge of and expertise in markets around the world.

Investment Approach

Financial markets tend to move from euphoria to depression — sometimes quickly — and this affects the pricing of individual securities, sectors of the fixed income market, and interest rates. As a fundamental value investor, we strive to find opportunities in this mispricing by doing research and analysis of a security or sector. We want to buy when prices are below our assessment of fair value and when prices are likely to increase over time.

As we are an active manager, we work together globally to employ a top-down view of markets, economies and central banks and develop our macro and credit investment outlook. This will drive decisions on duration (a measure of the sensitivity of the price of a bond or other debt instrument to interest rate changes), yield curve, country, currency, sector, and subsector positioning. We also use our deep bottom-up research and analysis to make individual security selections, supported by rigorous risk management.

Four core beliefs describe our investment philosophy and drive how we make investment decisions:

  • Markets often misprice securities: Prices can deviate from fundamental fair value, but over time, they typically adjust to reflect inflation, credit quality fundamentals and liquidity conditions. Consistently investing in undervalued securities may deliver attractive investment returns.
  • We strive to identify mispricing: We try to identify and capitalize on markets and securities that are priced below their fundamental fair value. We do this through deep analysis to compare prices to the fundamental fair values estimated by our macroeconomic and credit research teams around the world.
  • Our portfolios emphasize our highest convictions: The greater the difference between our view of fair value and a market price, the bigger the potential value opportunity. The greater the degree of confidence in our view of fundamentals, the greater the emphasis of the strategies in our portfolios.
  • We seek diversified sources of investment returns: We aim to meet or exceed the performance objectives of our investors, within their risk tolerance. We seek to diversify investments and add value across interest rate duration, yield curve, sector allocation, security selection, countries and currencies. We deploy multiple diversified strategies that benefit in different environments so no one strategy dominates performance, which can dampen volatility. Continue Reading…

Behavioural Finance focus: Cost Savings tips to attain Financial Freedom

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Photo: Towfiqu barbhuiya on Unsplash with modifications by LowrieFinancial.com

By Steve Lowrie, CFA

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

As a personal financial advisor, I am often asked about “the secret” to attaining financial freedom. Not to go all metaphysical on you, but to improve your long-term outcomes, try looking inward. After all, you are among the few drivers you have much control over. One great way to sharpen your financial acumen is by combining behavioural finance with an evidence-based perspective. Together, these disciplines offer reams of insights on how tending to your own best practices is often the best-kept secret to enjoying wealth management success.

Finding your Behavioural Finance focus

Here’s how The Behavioral Investor author Daniel Crosby describes behavioural finance:

“Emotional centers of the brain that helped guide primitive behavior like avoiding attack are now shown by brain scans to be involved in processing information about financial risks. These brain areas are found in mammals the world over and are blunt instruments designed for quick reaction, not precise thinking. Rapid, decisive action may save a squirrel from an owl, but it certainly doesn’t help investors. In fact, a large body of research suggests that investors profit most when they do the least.”

As early as the 1970s, Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman was a driving force behind the formation of behavioural finance (along with Nobel laureate Richard Thaler and the late Amos Tversky). In his landmark book, “Thinking, Fast and Slow”, Kahneman describes this same quick vs. precise thinking as System 1 vs. System 2 thinking:

“System 1 [thinking] operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control. System 2 [thinking] allocates attention to the effortful mental activities that demand it, including complex computations.”

Long before the term “behavioural finance” was a thing, wise academics and practitioners alike were suggesting investors are best off avoiding their fast-thinking instincts in favor of slower-thinking resolve. As billionaire Warren Buffett said decades ago:

“Success in investing doesn’t correlate with I.Q. … Once you have ordinary intelligence, what you need is the temperament to control the urges that get other people into trouble in investing.”

Buffett is correct. And yet, from what I see every day, fast, reactionary thinking continues to dominate most investors’ actions. What else could explain the never-ending parade of people chasing after FOMO (fear of missing out) investment trends instead of following the simple investing strategies, an evidence-based mindset prescribes?

Your brain’s take on Wealth Management

What’s actually going on in our heads when we allow our instincts and emotions to overcome our higher reasoning? Wall Street Journal columnist Jason Zweig’s “Your Money & Your Brain” takes us on a fascinating tour inside the mechanics in our own heads.

For example, Zweig warns us:

“…the amygdala [in your brain] can flood your body with fear signals before you are consciously aware of being afraid … [and] the nucleus accumbens in your reflexive brain becomes intensely aroused when you anticipate a financial gain.”

In this related piece, “It’s the Little Things That Can Color an Investor’s Outlook,” Zweig describes how even seeing the same financial numbers in red vs. a neutral color can unwittingly change our feelings about the data. Additional “insidious influences” include whether we’re hungry or full, sleepy or awake, or experiencing a cloudy or sunny day.

These sorts of overcharged emotions and unconscious biases can steer you wrong when you’re deciding whether to buy, sell, or hold your investments. They can also knock you off course from your holistic financial planning.

Nudging your way to Cost Savings

By adding academic rigor to our thinking, behavioural finance improves our ability to identify and manage our behavioural weaknesses. We can then apply that knowledge toward not reacting to the quick tricks our brain plays on us. Better still, we can learn how to play tricks right back on our brain: turning otherwise adverse instincts to our advantage. Continue Reading…

Thinking of buying a home in the U.S.? Here are 5 tips to help you on your journey

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Image RBC/www.pexels.com

By Alain Forget, Head of Sales and Business Development, RBC Bank

(Sponsor content)

When it comes to the ins and outs of purchasing a property in the U.S., the process may seem complex at first. While there are some differences from how you buy a home in Canada, such as the mortgage process, taxes and insurance requirements, with the right partner and preparation, purchasing your dream home south of the border may be easier than you think.

Whether you are just starting to dream about owning a home in the U.S. or you are ready to make a purchase, here are five things to consider to help you on your journey.

1) Choose where to buy

If you’ve been heading south for years to vacation in the U.S. you may already know where you want to buy. If not, it’s important to consider why you are purchasing a property and what’s important to you in terms of location. While warm weather may be at the top of your list, you’ll also want to think about what type of activities you want to be close to. For example, do you want to be within walking distance of restaurants, shopping and entertainment or do you envision yourself outdoors, either on a golf course or walking down a beach? If you need more time to think about where you want to buy, it might be helpful to rent first. By renting, you’ll be able to test out different areas and figure out where you’d like to call home.

2) Understand the dollars and cents of buying in the U.S.

While there are a lot of similarities when buying a home in the U.S., there are some key differences that could impact your budget and what you can afford. For example:

    • Exchange Rate – While you need to account for some level of currency exchange when buying a property in the U.S., it might not have as much of an impact as you might think. Homes in many markets in the U.S. tend to be more affordable than in Canada which means your budget can go farther even after the exchange.
    • Taxes and Insurance – It’s important to factor in the ongoing costs of owning a U.S. property into your purchase decision. For example, while you will usually pay lower taxes in the U.S. than in Canada, you may need different – and potentially more expensive – insurance to protect your investment.
    • Down Payment – In the U.S. a down payment is typically 20% if you plan to spend time in the home and 25% if it is an investment property you don’t plan to live in.
    • Closing Costs and Timelines – While closing costs in Canada are typically about 2.5% of the purchasing price, in the U.S. it can range from 1% to 5%. It’s also worth noting the extra time it takes to process a U.S. mortgage. In Canada, while mortgages can process in 5-10 days; in the U.S., it can take 30-45 days.

3) Consider the benefits of financing your purchase

Paying cash isn’t the only option when buying a U.S. property and financing your purchase may be the way to go. Whether you’re buying a home to enjoy or making an investment, you can save thousands in upfront costs just by financing with a U.S. mortgage. When you finance versus paying all cash, your initial costs are limited to a down payment and closing costs. This preserves your Canadian equity and assets and saves you thousands of dollars in one-time, upfront foreign exchange costs. In addition, U.S. mortgages are always open so you have the flexibility to repay your mortgage at any time without penalty, like when the Canadian dollar is stronger. Continue Reading…

How Millennials have shifted Homeownership Trends

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By Beau Peters

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Many millennials prioritize homeownership. And today’s real estate market presents myriad opportunities for millennials to make their homeownership dream come true.

Research indicates U.S. home sales rose 7% month over month in September 2021. Meanwhile, the total housing inventory fell 0.8% month over month. In addition, the median existing price for homes totalled US$352,800, which represented a 13.3% year-over-year increase.

The aforementioned data highlight the rising demand for U.S. homes in 2021. They also illustrate home prices are increasing, which is making it difficult for millennials to pursue their homeownership dream.

At least one study shows some North Americans under the age of 40 have given up on their dream of homeownership. However, it is not too late for millennials to update their homeownership goals. With a clear understanding of home buying trends, millennials can fine-tune their approach to the real estate market. From here, millennials can work diligently to make their homeownership dream a reality.

Now, let’s look at four notable home buying trends and what they mean for millennials.

1.) Most Millennials are pursuing a Home for the first time

Most millennial homebuyers are entering the real estate market for the first time. As such, they may rely heavily on a real estate agent who can help them find a residence that matches their expectations.

When it comes to partnering with a real estate agent, millennials should choose carefully. It helps to select an agent who has extensive real estate industry experience and expertise and knows the ins and outs of the local housing sector. Plus, this agent should have no trouble negotiating on behalf of a millennial homebuyer.

Of course, it pays to work with a real estate agent who values communication. This agent can respond to a millennial homebuyer’s concerns and questions at any point during their quest to acquire their dream home. That way, the agent can help a buyer make an informed home purchase.

2.) Millennials are open to buying “Fixer-Upper” homes

“Fixer-upper” homes tend to be more affordable than other properties. Thus, they frequently generate significant interest among millennial homebuyers.

For millennials who pursue fixer-uppers, buyers beware. There are many reasons why fixer-upper homes are available, so it pays to conduct comprehensive research before purchasing one of these houses. This ensures a millennial home buyer can weigh the pros and cons of a fixer-upper and decide if it is worth investing their time, energy, and resources to upgrade the home.

If a millennial home buyer moves forward with buying a fixer-upper home, purchase the right tools for house improvements. For instance, waterproof wood glue, wall spackle, and other home improvement tools make it simple for a buyer to upgrade a residence without breaking their budget. These tools are generally easy to use and won’t require a buyer to hire a home improvement professional to upgrade their house, either.

3.) Millennials want to limit their Carbon Footprint

Research shows most millennials feel personally responsible for having a positive impact on the environment. As part of this responsibility, many millennials are committed to owning and maintaining sustainable houses.

There is no shortage of opportunities available to millennials who want to buy a house and minimize their carbon footprint. For instance, millennials can compost at home. They can set up home compost piles where fruits, vegetables, and other food products can decompose. Continue Reading…

Affording our Lifestyle, post Financial Independence

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Billy and Akaisha enjoying Chacala Beach, Nayarit, Mexico

By Billy and Akaisha Kaderli, RetireEarlyLifestyle.com

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

It’s no secret that we have been living on around US$30,000 per year.

Now into our 31st year of financial independence we see no need to lower our spending. In fact, we are trying to increase it.

Some people do not believe we can have such a fulfilling lifestyle on this small annual amount, so in this article, we thought to explain how we do it.

Let us break this down

Decades ago we discovered the lower cost of living in Mexico. This is what is referred to as Geographic Arbitrage. You make your money in US Dollars – in our case dividends, capital gains and Social Security – and spend in the local currency. After running around the Caribbean Islands and RVing through the Western US, in 1993 we were invited to visit friends living in Chapala, Mexico. Since we track our spending daily, we saw our expenses in Dollar amounts drop rapidly by being there.

After spending 4 years in Chapala,we started traveling to Asia – another low-cost destination – again utilizing the strength of the US dollar to ease the pressure on our wallets. All the while, our stock market assets continued to increase in value.

For a handful of years again we made Dollars in the market and spent Quetzales in Panajachel, Guatemala. Easy living is what we call it and this is an essential style of our retirement approach.

In between all of these travels we spent time in our Adult Community Resort in Arizona. Surprisingly, our cost of living there was one of the best in all of the locations where we have lived. Yes, we were spending Dollars, but the price of living with value was attractive, and we modified our spending in other ways. Often, we walked or biked to grocery stores and various locations. Rarely using our vehicle at that time, the insurance company gave us a discount for having such low annual mileage. Weather – other than the super-hot summers – was pleasing and since there were tennis courts in the resort and friendly neighbors, we had assorted low-cost entertainment options.

These days we’re settled back in Mexico where the exchange rate is as good as it gets.

Travel

As our readers know, we still travel quite a bit even though Covid has kept us mostly in Mexico.

We have upgraded our lodging and choose more comfortable ways to get from place to place. Intra-country flights are very affordable here in Mexico, with a one-way ticket from Guadalajara to Puerto Vallarta costing less than $50USD per person. One time we flew from Guadalajara across the country to Merida for $38USD each. There is no need to stay at home when a week away is so attractively priced.

Because we have permanent residence status here in Mexico, we are entitled to an INAPAM card offering us 50% discounts on buses. Therefore, our transportation expenses for a bus trip to the beach is 2-for-the-cost-of-one. For example, we go to Chacala Beach, Nayarit, Mexico for 538Pesos for the 2 of us. This is about $13USD each on a luxury, air-conditioned bus.

This INAPAM card also gives us free entry into museums and certain public areas that charge a fee.

Rent

Our apartment, showing the upgrades we just finished

Our rent is $300USD monthly, or the Peso equivalent. This amount allows us to live in a gated garden complex, where we have a roomy one-bedroom apartment centrally located. Shopping, restaurants and doctors are easily within walking distance. There is no pressure to own a car in a foreign country with all the expenses like maintenance, licensing, fuel and insurance that are involved.

Recently we remodeled our kitchen with new counter and backsplash tile plus paint, costing 13,800 Pesos, about $690USD. Continue Reading…