Debt & Frugality

As Didi says in the novel (Findependence Day), “There’s no point climbing the Tower of Wealth when you’re still mired in the basement of debt.” If you owe credit-card debt still charging an usurous 20% per annum, forget about building wealth: focus on eliminating that debt. And once done, focus on paying off your mortgage. As Theo says in the novel, “The foundation of financial independence is a paid-for house.”

Searching for yield without reaching for risk

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By Kevin Flanagan, WisdomTree Investments

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

What do almost all major global bond markets have in common thus far in 2019? You guessed it: lower rates. As a result, investors have returned to an environment that could be characterized as “yield challenged” and one that had become all too familiar before last year’s run-up in rates.

Typically, the search for yield comes with added risks as investors either move too far out in duration or lower their credit quality constraints. But what if an investor could enhance yield in their fixed income portfolio while maintaining familiar risk profiles?

Before we focus on a solution, let’s first garner some insights into the Canadian bond market. Similar to the situation south of the border, the Canadian rate outlook going into 2019 was not geared toward a lower rate setting. From a policy perspective, the Bank of Canada (BOC) was projected to continue on its rate hiking path. Prior to the December 2018 U.S. Federal Reserve meeting (the point when expectations began to reveal some change), the implied probability for a BOC rate hike by April was placed around 75% (for those interested, the figure for a rate cut was under 2%). Fast-forward to May 23, and the readings for a rate hike or cut by the end of October are almost split evenly at a little more than 20% each.

CAD 10-Year

CAD 10 Year

How about the Canadian government bond market? As the adjacent graph clearly illustrates, after the 10-Year yield peaked at 2.60% in early October last year, the trend to the downside has been unmistakable. Continue Reading…

Motley Fool: How to move from Saving to Investing

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What’s the difference between Saving and Investing and how do you move smoothly from the one to the other?  Motley Fool Canada has just published the second in a new series of articles by me about the basic steps towards Financial Independence, or what I call “Findependence.” You can find the first one, which ran early in June, here; and the new one by clicking on the highlighted text here: 2 critical steps toward Financial Independence.

The first article discussed how the journey to Findependence hasn’t even begun while you’re still in debt. To paraphrase one of the characters in my book Findependence Day, you can’t even begin to climb the tower of Wealth until you get out of the basement of debt.

It’s nice to be free of debt, whether high-interest credit card debt, student loans or even a mortgage. It’s a big step moving from negative net worth to being merely broke, where your assets and liabilities cancel themselves out. Being free of all debt is certainly a nice place to be if you’ve been anxious over being hounded by creditors. But it’s not financial independence either, which is the stage of life when all sources of income more than meet your monthly financial needs.

As the followup article summarizes, you want to move from Debt elimination to the intermediate step of Saving, and then from Saving to true investing. Saving is being a loaner — you lend money to a bank or other institution and receive a small amount of interest back as well as your principal upon maturity. But to be an investor you want to be an owner: a business owner, through stocks or equities, or more broadly through a diversified basket of equity ETFs.

The end of the piece references a piece by Investopedia about the difference between investing and saving. You can find their explanation here. It says saving is for emergencies and purchases, by which they mean immediate needs. Investing is about a longer-term horizon (defined as seven or more years) and entails more risk than saving. That’s why they refer to the “risk free” return of investing in cash, treasury bills and the like.

Investing is about Money begetting Money

The beauty about saving is that, once the process is begun, it sets the stage for when  money begins to beget still more money, a process that will ultimately happen even while you’re sleeping. So does investing: the difference is that saving is a kind of junior partner to investing: it works a bit for you, but nothing so hard as true investing for the long term. Saving begets small amounts of money; ultimately, investing begets huge amounts of money: eventually enough to live on whether or not you choose to work another day in your life. Continue Reading…

Retired Money: Time for retail investors to STANDUP to the financial services industry?

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My latest MoneySense Retired Money column is a review of advisor John De Goey’s new book: STANDUP to the Financial Services Industry. Click on the highlighted headline for the full column: Fight for your right to low fees.

Obviously a retrofitted acronym, STANDUP stands for Scientific Testing and Necessary Disintermediation Underpin Professionalism. STANDUP was an undercurrent in the four editions of De Goey’s previous book, The Professional Financial Advisor. There he argued that while most advisors hold themselves out to be professionals like doctors, lawyers or accountants, the primary function of most advisors is “to sell products.” STANDUP Advisors are the good guys and gals: the “self-aware and knowledgeable advisors” his new book aims to help readers find. His personal website is www.STANDUP.today.

Bad advice they believe is good

Right from the get-go, De Goey is pretty harsh on many members of his profession. Much of what advisors believe is “demonstrably wrong” he declares right on page 2 of his introduction: “People who give advice for a living routinely give bad advice while honestly believing that the advice they are giving is, in fact, good. That’s a huge problem.”

He puts much of the blame on the managers of retail advisors, chiefly the senior members of Canadian mutual fund companies. He hauls out the old Upton Sinclair quote to illustrate the gap between doing what’s good for investors and what’s profitable for the financial industry itself: “It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it.” Continue Reading…

New Millennial parents need to prepare for the future

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By Donna Johnson

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

One of the most exciting events in most people’s lives is becoming a parent. Those who are currently bringing new kids into the world tend to fall into the Millennial generation, which includes people born between 1981 and 1996. These parents need to be prepared for many things they may not be ready for. Having a home security system is a good idea, but there are also many other financial considerations to take into account.

Kids are expensive

The cost of raising a kid is now estimated to be around US$233,000. That’s just until they are 18. Therefore, Millennial parents can expect to pay more than $12,000 per year for their little bundles of joy. Of course, there are ways to avoid some of these costs, like skipping out on day care costs by having one parent stay home until the child goes to school and buying clothes at thrift stores. Additionally, family members like grandparents might be willing to watch kids for a reduced fee, if they charge anything at all. Regardless, there are costs that come with having a child, and new parents should be prepared for them.

It’s important to get your documents together

Many parents fail to adequately prepare for the future. No one wants to die before their kids reach adulthood. However, there is always that possibility. Therefore, taking out a solid life insurance policy is a good idea. Also, setting up a will that indicates where the kids should go in the event that both parents die or become incapacitated will help ensure that the children stay out of the foster system.

College is coming up

Those who have a child this year will likely have between 18 and 19 years to get ready for college expenses. As of 2018, a year at a public four-year school at the in-state tuition rate averaged US$20,770, while a year at a private school costs just under US$47,000. Continue Reading…

Student Debt remains even after Bankruptcy: Study

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By Mike Brown

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Student loan debt in the United States is a rapidly developing issue for consumers. More than 44 million Americans owe around US$1.5 trillion in student loan debt; that figure means student loan debt only trails credit card debt when it comes to the highest forms of outstanding debt.

However, student loan debt is one form of debt that is virtually impossible to discharge in bankruptcy whereas debts from things like credit cards or automobiles can be discharged much more easily.

To look at bankruptcy figures in regards to student debt, we used exclusive anonymized data provided by Upsolve, a non-profit that assists low-income individuals file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy free of charge. This data was then analyzed to discover what percentage of bankruptcy filers carry student loan debt and what percent of their total debt is comprised of student loan debt.

How many Bankruptcy filers also carry Student Loan debt?

According to the anonymized bankruptcy data provided by Upsolve and analyzed by LendEDU, 32% of all bankruptcy filers also carried some amount of student loan debt.

Further, for these filers with student loan debt, the vast majority of their liabilities totaled is solely from those student loans. On average, student loan debt takes up 49% of this group’s debt. Even including all consumers, those with and without student debt, student loan debt still takes up 21% of all Upsolve user debt.

Filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy will liquidate a consumer’s total assets and utilize the subsequent funds to pay off as much outstanding debt as possible. According to the data, essentially one-third of consumers who do declare bankruptcy also have student loan debt, and Chapter 7 will not allow for the offloading of this student debt.

Additionally, due to student debt being almost 50% of all debts incurred by that individual, the person can successfully declare Chapter 7 bankruptcy and still have close to 50% of their debts remaining.

Rather than a restart on one’s financial life, which is the point of bankruptcy, only half of their debt discharges and they are still left having to pay off the other half. Since the data shows that student loan debt is such a huge component of the financial situation for nearly one-third of bankruptcy filers, there appears to be a nonsensical policy in place at the moment in regards to student loan debt being impossible to discharge in bankruptcy.

Where we stand with Student Loan Debt & Bankruptcy

Currently within the U.S., whether it be private or federal student loans, student loan debt cannot be discharged in bankruptcy unless the borrower can prove “undue hardship” in the court of law.

Proving undue hardship for student loans is notoriously challenging, and the current standard in which to prove “undue hardship” is to pass the “Brunner test.” This test requires the student loan borrowers to exhibit that they cannot meet a minimal standard of living (e.g., homelessness) if forced to continue to repay their student loans.

A “certainty of hopelessness” must also be proven, in which case the circumstances that constitute “undue hardship” will persist if the consumer is forced to pay off the outstanding student loan debts. Further, the borrower must prove that a good-faith effort has been put forth to repay his or her student loans and all other options have been exhausted to repay their loans. Continue Reading…