By Christopher Gannatti, WisdomTree Associate Director of Research
Special to the Financial Independence Hub
Over the period of about the last three years, the annualized returns of the S&P 500 Index have been nearly 12%. That is a strong number, and it shouldn’t be surprising that U.S. stocks are more expensive now than they were then.
Let’s discuss what has been driving these returns and analyze various factor strategies to shed light on their potential to continue this trend in returns going forward.
Multiple Expansion, Earnings Growth or Dividend Yield: what’s most Important?
By itself, an index’s trailing total return may not say much about its future return potential. Fortunately, we can model different drivers behind performance by deconstructing the three separate components of total return:
When times change but our pension options don’t, we are quick to point the finger. “You made a promise, now I’m going to hold you to it. Even though it will be paralyzing for you to keep this promise, that’s ok – you will keep this promise.”
“Oh and by the way, the next generation is entitled to the same promise.”
It makes no sense, but last summer we’ve seen a few major employers — Canada Post and GM (General Motors) to name a few — go into the wee hours to get a deal done, both arguing over pension benefits. It’s been a major sticking point for a number of employers and their employees over the years and will only continue to increase in frequency.
The reality is the DB (Defined Benefit) Pension Plan — which was a very good idea a generation ago — is no longer readily offered to employees today. Effectively, gone are the days of the gold watch and the even more valuable promise of income for life: “You don’t have to worry, we’re your employer, we will worry for you.”
In the past, an employee gave the very large majority if not 100% of their working years to one employer; in return he or she was offered the benefit of income until death and it was the employer who would pay up if needed. It was a wonderful deal for employees who lived to an average age of under 70. Employers were also able to hire the best employees and make them this promise. It made sense. With contributions made over 30 working years and a payout not usually exceeding 10 or even 15 years in the worst case, employers had a fair amount of money in the employee pension plan, allowing everyone to sleep well at night.
One of the chief concerns regarding senior citizens, especially those who live alone or in assisted living facilities, is boredom. Experts in senior care know that when a person is bored or feels unstimulated this can escalate to depression, which is already another concern among the senior population.
While the lack of activity could be due to a physical ailment that prevents the person from doing things they loved to do — such as walking, running, or other highly physical activities — in many cases it’s simply that a little nudge and some positive guidance is needed. A caregiver can be instrumental in this role and encourage their client to be more active, mentally or physically.
If you work with or know a senior citizen who needs to be challenged, adding a hobby to their daily routine can make a world of difference in their mood and ultimately their overall health. These are just a few hobbies that are fun, challenging, and can help lift mood and energy levels.
Art
Art is one of the easiest hobbies to introduce because it comes in so many forms. From painting with watercolors to adult coloring books, art brings a sense of freedom and independence as there is no right or wrong way to do it; art is subjective.
These days, no matter what the topic, the talk is all about sustainability.
In regards to financial sustainability, there are three legs to the stool: income, spending and Investments.
1.) Income
Income is derived from money you make through your job using physical or mental labor or both. Passive income can be created through property rentals, bond interest, dividends and or capital gains from investments.
Increasing income can be done by learning a new skill, getting a promotion, or taking on a better or second job. Maximizing your skills and continued education either formal or on your own is a valuable asset. This could be as easy as teaching yourself about investments in your down time. There are plenty of online tools available to learn this.
Also, don’t rule out that Social Security [or in Canada, CPP and OAS] will be available once you become eligible.
2.) Spending
How much you spend and the debt you carry are two areas that are completely manageable by you. The categories of largest spending in any household are housing, transport, taxes and food/entertainment. Depending where you live, it may make more sense to rent instead of buying a home, or rent out a room in the home you already own, or rent out a subsection of your home in order to help with the mortgage. Putting off that remodel of the bathroom or kitchen, or the re-do of the back yard will also allow you extra money to put into investments.
Regarding transportation, you could walk or bicycle to work, take public transportation instead of owning your own vehicle, car pool or use Uber or a ride sharing service. The cost of car ownership is over $8,000 per year, roughly $650 per month, or $22 per day according to AAA’s 2016 Your Driving Cost Study. How much of your day is spent covering your car expenses, which according to Fortune is parked 95% of the time?
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