Victory Lap

Once you achieve Financial Independence, you may choose to leave salaried employment but with decades of vibrant life ahead, it’s too soon to do nothing. The new stage of life between traditional employment and Full Retirement we call Victory Lap, or Victory Lap Retirement (also the title of a new book to be published in August 2016. You can pre-order now at VictoryLapRetirement.com). You may choose to start a business, go back to school or launch an Encore Act or Legacy Career. Perhaps you become a free agent, consultant, freelance writer or to change careers and re-enter the corporate world or government.

How much Savings do you need to delay starting CPP and OAS?

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By Michael J. Wiener

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

 

Canadians who take their CPP at age 60 instead of 70 “can expect to lose over $100,000 of secure lifetime income, in today’s dollars, over the course of their retirement,” according to Dr. Bonnie-Jeanne MacDonald in research released by the National Institute on Ageing (NIA) and the FP Canada Research Foundation.

However, those who retire before 70 need savings to tide them over until their larger CPP pensions start if they want to live at least as well in their 60s as they do later in retirement.  Here we look at the amount of savings required by a retired 60-year old to be able to delay CPP and OAS pensions.

Incentive for delaying is strong

We’re used to thinking of CPP and OAS pensions as just a few hundred dollars per month, but a 70-year old couple just starting to receive maximum CPP and OAS pensions (but not any of the new expanded CPP) would get $61,100 per year, rising with inflation for the rest of their lives.  If the same couple were 65 they’d only get $43,700 per year.  If this 65-year old couple had taken CPP at 60, their combined CPP and OAS would be $32,700 per year now.  The incentive for delaying the start of CPP and OAS is strong.

We can think of the savings needed to delay the start of CPP and OAS pensions as the price of buying larger inflation-indexed government pensions.  This price is an absolute bargain compared to the cost of buying an annuity from an insurance company.  Those in good health but worried about “losing” if they delay pensions and die young can focus on the positives.  Delaying pensions allows retirees to spend their savings confidently during their 60s knowing that their old age is secure.  Taking small pensions early can leave retirees penny-pinching in their 60s worried about their savings running out in old age.

The table below shows the amount of savings a retired 60-year old requires to delay starting CPP.  This table is based on a number of assumptions:

  1. The current maximum age 65 CPP pension is $1203.75 per month.  Before you take your CPP pension, it grows based on national wage growth as well as an actuarial formula, but after you take it, it grows with “regular” inflation, the Consumer Price Index (CPI).  We assume wage growth will exceed CPI growth by 0.75% per year.
  2. We assume the retiree is entitled to the maximum CPP pension.  Those with smaller CPP entitlements can scale down the savings amounts.  For example, someone expecting only 50% of the maximum CPP pension can cut the savings amounts in half.
  3. We assume the retiree holds savings in an RRSP/RRIF so that withdrawals will be taxed in the same way that CPP pensions are taxed.  Retirees using savings in non-registered accounts won’t need to save as much because they only need to match the after-tax amount of CPP pensions.
  4. The retiree is able to earn enough on savings to keep up with inflation.  (Online banks offer savings account rates that put the big banks to shame.)  The monthly pension amounts in the table are inflation-adjusted; the retiree’s savings will grow to cover the actual CPP pension payments.
  5. We assume the retiree doesn’t have a workplace pension whose bridge benefits end at age 65.  This bridge benefit replaces some of the savings needed to permit delaying CPP and OAS.
CPP % of  Inflation-Adjusted Months of Savings
 Start  Age 65 CPP Monthly CPP Spending from  Needed at
Age Pension Pension  Personal Savings Age 60
60 64.0% $770 0 0
61 71.2% $863 12 $10,400
62 78.4% $958 24 $23,000
63 85.6% $1054 36 $37,900
64 92.8% $1151 48 $55,200
65 100.0% $1250 60 $75,000
66 108.4% $1365 72 $98,300
67 116.8% $1481 84 $124,400
68 125.2% $1600 96 $153,600
69 133.6% $1720 108 $185,800
70 142.0% $1842 120 $221,000

You can’t start OAS till 65 but can delay it till 70

Unlike CPP, you can’t start your OAS pension until you’re at least 65.  But you can delay it until you’re 70 to get larger payments.  The table below shows the amount of savings a retired 60-year old requires to delay starting OAS.  The table is based on a number of assumptions:

  1. The current maximum age 65 OAS pension is $615.37 per month.
  2. We assume the retiree is entitled to the maximum OAS pension by living in Canada for at least 40 out of 47 years from age 18 to 65.
  3. We assume the retiree won’t want to live poor before age 65, which means spending from savings from age 60 to 64 to make up for not receiving OAS.
  4. We assume the retiree holds savings in an RRSP/RRIF so that withdrawals will be taxed in the same way that OAS pensions are taxed.  Retirees using savings in non-registered accounts won’t need to save as much because they only need to match the after-tax amount of OAS pensions. Continue Reading…

Burning questions Retirees face

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Retirees face a myriad of questions as they head into the next chapter of their lives. At the top of the list is whether they have enough resources to last a lifetime. A related question is how much they can reasonably spend throughout retirement.

But retirement is more than just having a large enough pile of money to live a comfortable lifestyle. Here are some of the biggest questions facing retirees today:

Should I pay off my mortgage?

The continuous climb up the property ladder means more Canadians are carrying mortgages well into retirement. What was once a cardinal sin of retirement is now becoming more common in today’s low interest rate environment.

It’s still a good practice to align your mortgage pay-off date with your retirement date (ideally a few years earlier so you can use the freed-up cash flow to give your retirement savings a final boost). But there’s nothing wrong with carrying a small mortgage into retirement provided you have enough savings, and perhaps some pension income, to meet your other spending needs.

Which accounts to tap first for retirement income?

Old school retirement planning assumed that we’d defer withdrawals from our RRSPs until age 71 or 72 while spending from non-registered funds and government benefits (CPP and OAS).

That strategy is becoming less popular thanks to the Tax Free Savings Account. TFSAs are an incredible tool for retirees that allow them to build a tax-free bucket of wealth that can be used for estate planning, large one-time purchases or gifts, or to supplement retirement income without impacting taxes or means-tested government benefits.

Now we’re seeing more retirement income plans that start spending first from non-registered funds and small RRSP withdrawals while deferring CPP to age 70. Depending on the income needs, the retiree could keep contributing to their TFSA or just leave it intact until OAS and CPP benefits kick-in.

This strategy spends down the RRSP earlier, which can potentially save taxes and minimize OAS clawbacks later in retirement, while also reducing the taxes on estate. It also locks-in an enhanced benefit from deferring CPP: benefits that are indexed to inflation and paid for life. Finally, it can potentially build up a significant TFSA balance to be spent in later years or left in the estate.

Should I switch to an income-oriented investment strategy?

The idea of living off the dividends or distributions from your investments has long been romanticized. The challenge is that most of us will need to dip into our principal to meet our ongoing spending needs.

Consider Vanguard’s Retirement Income ETF (VRIF). It targets a 4% annual distribution, paid monthly, and a 5% total return. That seems like a logical place to park your retirement savings so you never run out of money.

VRIF can be an excellent investment choice inside a non-registered (taxable) account when the retiree is spending the monthly distributions. But put VRIF inside an RRSP or RRIF and you’ll quickly see the dilemma.

RRIFs come with minimum mandatory withdrawal rates that increase over time. You’re withdrawing 5% of the balance at age 70, 5.28% at age 71, 5.40% at age 72, and so on.

That means a retiree will need to sell off some VRIF units to meet the minimum withdrawal requirements.

Replace VRIF with any income-oriented investment strategy in your RRSP/RRIF and you have the same problem. You’ll eventually need to sell shares.

This also doesn’t touch on the idea that a portfolio concentrated in dividend stocks is less diversified and less reliable than a broadly diversified (and risk appropriate) portfolio of passive investments.

By taking a total return approach with your investments you can simply sell off ETF units as needed to generate your desired retirement income.

When to take CPP and OAS?

I’ve written at length about the risks of taking CPP at 60 and the benefits of taking CPP at 70. But it doesn’t mean you’re a fool to take CPP early. CPP is just one piece of the retirement income puzzle. Continue Reading…

Are Bitcoin and Retirement compatible?

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By Emily Roberts

For the Financial Independence Hub

Retirement is for winding down, while Bitcoin is ramping up. It might seem like the two things do not have much in common, but on closer inspection, there is definitely room for some crossover.

Recently, CNN reported that Bitcoin was going mainstream, with one of the reasons being popular innovators like Elon Musk making substantial investments. More people are taking part now, using Bitcoin to its fullest potential. When it comes to retirement, it can certainly enrich that stage of life a great deal.

Here some reasons as to why Bitcoin and retirement could well be a perfect match.

A Sense of Freedom

Retirement is for enjoying a sense of freedom, taking your life in whichever direction that suits you when you are free of obligations. Coincidentally, Bitcoin presides over a similar ethos.

In an article by Forbes titled ‘How Bitcoin Fits In A Retirement Portfolio’, they insightfully note that “If you could invest with hindsight, you’d go back in time, put 100% of your money in crypto and hold tight to the roller coaster […] over a long stretch it has, unlike lottery tickets, delivered a positive return, and most of the time goes its own way, oblivious to the stock market.” No doubt many people of retirement age look back on numerous points in their life and wonder: what if?

As Bitcoin is trending up, a decent investment today can turn into a small fortune after a few years. Remember, Bitcoin was under US$5000 last year and is currently priced at US$55000. If a retiree had bought 1 BTC last year, his investment had increased tenfold. Price swings like this have become quite common, just imagine what the value of Bitcoin could be after a decade. All one had to do is buy Bitcoin and hold it. Continue Reading…

12 Stress Management tips for Business owners

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What is your strategy for managing the stress of running a small business?

To help you find new strategies for managing the stress that comes with running your small business, we asked small business owners and entrepreneurs this question for their best advice. From taking time to enjoy nature to setting boundaries, there are several different ways you can manage your stress.

Here are twelve strategies to managing stress while running a small business:

  • Remember Your Why
  • Regular Trips Out In Nature
  • Think About All The Impact You’re Making
  • Spend Time With Your Pets
  • Take Longer Breaks When You Need Them
  • Schedule Self Care
  • Personal Retreat Sessions
  • Give Autonomy To Your Team
  • Mindset Routines
  • Blocking Time
  • Setting Boundaries
  • Use The Pomodoro Technique

Remember your Why

When times get hectic, like they often do, it’s important to have your why statement clearly defined and visible to see at all times. Usually, when I’m feeling stressed, it’s because I am too caught up in the weeds and working “in” the business. By regularly scheduling time to work “on” the business, I start by remembering our why statement which brings my focus back to the big picture. This helps me get pumped and feeling way less stressed. — Jenn Christie, Markitors.com

Regular trips out in Nature

Here at Cruise America, we believe in working hard and playing hard. That is why the majority of our executives take advantage of our RV fleet and take regular trips out in nature. We find that this time out of the office reminds us of why we started this company years ago and the amazing experiences we provide for our customers. That’s what makes every day in the office well worth it! — Randall Smalley, Cruise America

Think about all the Impact you’re making

It is so easy to get caught up in the stress of running a small business and losing sight of why you first launched your company in the first place! Whenever I feel overwhelmed, I just think about all the good my company has done for cities and their communities over the last 37 years and it makes it all worth it. — Blake Murphey, American Pipeline Solutions

Spend time with your Pets

The best part of working remotely is that I get to spend all day with my dog! Whenever I start to feel stressed or overwhelmed, I love taking him on a walk or playing fetch with him on the beach. It is a great way for me to step away from my desk, get a healthy dose of Vitamin D, and of course spend some time with my fur baby. –– Carol Bramson, Side by Side

Take longer Breaks when you need them

Many people stress at work. They do overtime and compensate by accumulating extra holidays and taking spare time off. But by doing so, there’s also the impending fear of stress from having to go back to work. I make the most of every day at work, with myself, and with colleagues. I take longer lunch breaks when I want to—an extra hour to go to the lake or stroll around the city. And if you find yourself dozing off, ask colleagues to get a coffee outside of the office—or if you’re still lucky enough to get some sunshine—go for a gelato run collectively! Nobody ever says no to ice cream. — Hung Nguyen, Smallpdf

Schedule Self Care

Schedule self-care and breaks into your daily schedule. When you map out each week in your digital calendar or physical planner, schedule self-care, family time, and exercise first. These are your non-negotiables. Then schedule everything else work-related around these non-negotiables. Your self-care is unique to you! It may vary from a scheduled meditation time to daily walks, to 30 minutes reading a fiction book. But if you don’t plan for it, work will chip away at life, leaving you little in the way of work-life balance. — Reese Spykerman, Design by Reese

Personal Retreat sessions

Personal retreat sessions are a wonderful strategy to help manage the stress of running a small business. Retreat sessions create plenty of downtime and space for reflection, which is exactly what small business owners need to move naturally towards solutions that can solve stress-inducing issues. Continue Reading…

Behavioural Finance: We have met the Enemy and it is Us

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By Noah Solomon

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Behavioural finance is the study of the influence of psychology on the behaviour of investors. Its central theme is that investors are not always rational, have limits to their self-control, and are influenced by cognitive biases. People harbour a multitude of self-defeating behaviours that lead to self-defeating results.

In The Laws of Wealth: Psychology and the Secret to Investing Success, author Daniel Crosby states: “The fact that people are fallible is your biggest enduring advantage in the accumulation of greater wealth. The fact that you are just as fallible is the biggest impediment to that very same goal.”

Confirmation Bias: Letting the Tail wag the Dog

Confirmation bias is the tendency of people to pay close attention to information that confirms their beliefs and ignore information that contradicts it.

Most of us have a really bad habit of only paying attention to information that agrees with our existing beliefs. Our natural tendency is to listen to people who agree with us because it feels good to hear our opinions reflected to us. We also tend to let the proverbial tail wag the dog: to draw conclusions before objectively weighing the facts. We first construct hypotheses, and then subsequently look for information that supports them.

Even some of the greatest investors have fallen prey to the confirmation bias trap. In December 2012, Bill Ackman, Chief Investment Officer of Pershing Square, launched a crusade against Herbalife, a nutritional supplements company, referring to the company as a pyramid scheme and stating that its stock was worthless. After taking a $1 billion short position in Herbalife, he continued to seek supporting evidence for his original hypothesis from Herbalife customers who had poor experiences with the company.

Activist investor Carl Icahn, who had an opposing view, acquired a 26% ownership stake in the company. The epic battle that ensued between two of Wall Street’s biggest titans resulted in a major loss for Ackman. Had Ackman attempted to find potential flaws in his thesis by seeking out customers who had positive Herbalife experiences, he might have either avoided or mitigated the losses which his fund suffered.

Loss Aversion/Disposition Effect: The Pain of Losses is (Myopically) larger than the Pleasure of Gains

Loss aversion does not describe the tendency of people to try and avoid losses, which is completely rational. Rather, it refers to having an economically unbalanced desire to avoid losses at the expense of foregoing commensurate or greater gains, which can cause them to win battles yet lose wars.

Loss aversion can cause investors to refrain from selling losing positions in the hope of making their money back, thereby allowing run of the mill losses to metastasise into “there goes my house” losses.  Loss aversion can also lead to significant opportunity costs, as money gets “trapped” in underperforming investments at the expense of foregoing better opportunities.

Closely related to loss aversion is the disposition effect, which refers to a cognitive bias that causes investors to sell winning positions prematurely and irrationally stick with losing positions. When a position is rising, we get anxious to lock in our gains and sell prematurely. At the same time, people are often too slow to cut their losses on holdings which are losing money and hold on to them in the hopes that they will recover. These behaviours tend to diminish gains and exaggerate losses, thereby leading to poor overall performance.

Fear of Missing Out: There’s nothing more annoying than watching your neighbour get rich

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) refers to feelings of anxiety or insecurity over the possibility of missing out on an event or opportunity. What is most interesting is that FOMO is an emotional reaction that pushes us to trade or invest in a less disciplined way. Rather than buy stocks when they offer the most attractive risk-to-return ratio, investors are driven to buy them to an even greater degree the less attractive they look technically. Our fear of missing out becomes greater the more the market continues to act in an irrational way.

FOMO is frustrating because it occurs when the market is doing the unexpected and we are sticking to a solid plan. From 1996 to 2000, the NASDAQ stock index exploded from 1,058 to 4,131 points. Many of these technology stocks had little or no earnings yet still commanded steep prices. Investors feared that if they didn’t get in now they would miss out. Millionaires were minted overnight until it all went wrong. The dotcom bubble burst, and trillions of dollars of investor wealth vanished as the NASDAQ plunged to under 2,000 points by the end of 2001. Few did their due diligence on these hot tech stocks to make sure they were the best long-term investments for their personal portfolio and goals. It took many years for the average investor to recover.

In his characteristically folksy yet caustic manner, Warren Buffett used the following analogy to illustrate the absurdity of FOMO:

“Nothing sedates rationality like large doses of effortless money. After a heady experience of that kind, normally sensible people drift into behaviour akin to that of Cinderella at the ball. They know that overstaying the festivities will eventually bring on pumpkins and mice. But they nevertheless hate to miss a single minute of what is one helluva party. Therefore, the giddy participants all plan to leave just seconds before midnight. There’s a problem: They are dancing in a room in which the clocks have no hands.”

The Bandwagon Effect: Making sheep look like independent thinkers

The bandwagon effect describes the tendency of investors to gain comfort doing something simply because many other people are doing it. The tendency of people to prefer doing ill-advised things that others are doing rather than act rationally in isolation is best summarized by John Maynard Keynes:

“Worldly wisdom teaches that it is better for reputation to fail conventionally than to succeed unconventionally.”

Whereas using the performance of others as a reference point for measuring your results mitigates the risk of underperforming your peers, it can expose you to severe losses. The widespread abandonment of reason and rationality associated with a herd mentality has historically resulted in speculative bubbles in which the crowd joins hands and runs off the cliff together. Continue Reading…