Building Wealth

For the first 30 or so years of working, saving and investing, you’ll be first in the mode of getting out of the hole (paying down debt), and then building your net worth (that’s wealth accumulation.). But don’t forget, wealth accumulation isn’t the ultimate goal. Decumulation is! (a separate category here at the Hub).

Solving the home country bias in Canadian portfolios

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Canadian investors tend to suffer from home bias – a preference to hold more domestic stocks over foreign equities. This is actually true of investors in most countries, but it’s particularly troubling in Canada where our stock markets are highly concentrated in the financial and energy sectors.

The federal government could be partially to blame for our home bias tendencies. As recently as 2005 the government imposed a limit on the amount of foreign content allowed in RRSPs and pension plans. This cap was introduced in 1971 to help support the development of Canada’s financial markets but was scrapped in the 2005 federal budget, freeing Canadians up to invest abroad.

Sizes of World Stock Markets

It’s well known that Canada makes up less than 4 per cent of global equity markets (2.7 per cent, to be exact), yet 60 per cent of the equities in Canadian investors’ portfolios are in domestic securities.

Even most model ETF and index fund portfolios have Canadian investors overweighting domestic equities, holding anywhere from 20 to 40 per cent Canadian content.

Canadian home country bias

The result is a portfolio that is more volatile and less efficient than one with international equity diversification. Indeed, investors with a Canadian home bias are taking risks they could have diversified away by increasing their allocation to global equities.

My two-ETF portfolio

So how does my portfolio stack up? When I switched to my two-ETF solution, made up of Vanguard’s VCN (Canadian) and VXC (All World, ex-Canada), I chose to have an allocation 20-25 per cent Canadian stocks and 75-80 per cent international stocks.

That allocation would be relatively easy to monitor and rebalance if it was simply held in my RRSP. Whenever I added new money to my RRSP, I’d simply buy the ETF that was lagging behind its initial target allocation.

But I complicated things recently when I started contributing again to my TFSA. I wanted to treat my TFSA and RRSP as one total portfolio and keep the same asset mix in place. Since my RRSP was much larger than my TFSA, I decided to hold mostly foreign content (VXC) in my RRSP while putting Canadian stocks (VCN) in my TFSA.

This worked out great for several years but now I’ve run into a second problem; I’m contributing to my TFSA at a much faster pace than my RRSP. That’s because I’ve maxed out all of my unused RRSP contribution room and, due to the pension adjustment, I get a measly $3,600 per year in new contribution room.

Meanwhile I still have loads of unused TFSA contribution room and so I’ve been socking away $12,000 per year for the past two-and-a-half years. I hope to continue at that pace for many more years until I’ve completely caught up on all that available contribution room.

The result is a portfolio that is becoming increasingly more tilted to Canadian equities. At this rate, if I continue filling my TFSA with VCN, my portfolio will have more than 30 per cent Canadian content in five years, and nearly 40 per cent Canadian content in 10 years.

My Home Bias Solution

I’m considering a change to my two-fund portfolio. With the introduction of Vanguard’s new all-equity asset allocation ETF – VEQT – I could turn my two-fund solution into a true one-fund solution and make investing even more simple. Continue Reading…

Aman Raina’s 4-year Robo Advisor review

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By Aman Raina, SageInvestors

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Four years ago, Obama was President of the United States and Stephen Harper was Prime Minister of Canada. A Liberal was running America and a Conservative was running Canada. The New England Patriots were still making it to the Super Bowl, even winning a few…

…and I had opened my Robo Advisor account.

Yes it been a full 4 years since I opened up my Robo Advisor account. For those new to investing, a Robo Advisor is a new wave of wealth management companies that invest on behalf of others using an online platform and a combination of algorithms and computer coding to buy and sell specific investments and manage portfolios. Four years ago these firms were just stepping into the investing conciousness, but since then they have mushroomed and even traditional investment companies are now offering some flavor of online investment management services. It all seemed quite appealing however there was one thing that many marketing materials, blogs, and mainstream media was avoiding (and still are I might add)…do these types of services make money for investors?

Since no robo advisor company back then was interested in disclosing their performance (they still avoid it) other than citing research that their strategy is superior, I decided four years ago to try an experiment and find out for myself. I setup an account with one of the big Robo Adviser firms. My goal was to go through the process and blog about my experience and more importantly, the results. I’ve always said that we need a good five years to really get a handle on how effective these services are compared to traditional wealth management services. Well, we’re at the 80% mark of my ROBO journey, so let’s check back in and take a look at how it’s doing now and see if we can squeeze any conclusions about the service.

In previous years, I have stated that for us to get a real handle on their effectiveness, we need to see these robo-portfolios experience some stress. Up until 2018, the markets have been quite tame. We’ve seen how these portfolios operate in a period of rising stock prices. In 2018 we finally hit some periods where there were major swings in stock prices around the world. In February we saw the Dow Jones on several days drop more than 1000 points and in December we had the Christmas Eve Massacre where stock prices fell off a cliff creating a lot of hand wringing over the Christmas break. Finally meaningful, although short-term stress points for the ROBO portfolio.

Performance

Below is the current status of my ROBO portfolio as of January 30, 2019 and below that is the chart of annual returns over the past four years.

My ROBO Advisor portfolio as of January 30, 2019

My ROBO Advisor portfolio as of January 30, 2019

ROBO Portfolio Annual Return

(annual returns)

 The first year was a rough one for ROBO as it had lost 2.15 per cent. In the second year and third year, ROBO picked up its game. The portfolio generated a 13.2 per cent return in Year 2 and in Year 3 it posted another solid year with a 14.2 per cent return. In 2018, the portfolio pulled back going down a total of 2.1 per cent. The loss was tempered by dividends, where the portfolio generated $142.91 in dividend income. The ROBO was also saved a bit by a strong rebound in stock prices in January coming off the correction in December. The losses could have been much worse. Considering the largest component of the ROBO portfolio was concentrated in US and Canadian stocks and where the S&P500 and TSX/S&P Composite were down 6.3 and 11.7 per cent respectively in 2018, a 2.1 per cent drop is very reasonable. I lost money but not as much. Since January 2015, the portfolio is up 22 per cent over the last 4 years.

Asset Allocation

When I set up the account I answered a series of questions about my financial literacy and risk tolerance. ROBO took my responses and crafted a portfolio that it felt was compatible with my profile. As I am pretty experienced with investing and have a long-term investment horizon, ROBO determined that a portfolio mix of 85 per cent stocks and 15 per cent bonds would work for me. It has since then retained the same stocks/bonds ratio.   Continue Reading…

Should you start an E-commerce business?

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Image via Pexels

By Gloria Martinez

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Do you want a job where you can work from home, set your own hours, and earn a virtually limitless amount of money? If you answered “yes” and you’re decently tech-savvy, e-commerce could be the perfect fit for you. E-commerce can be any type of online business transaction, but most of the time, it refers to online shopping.

Why e-commerce?

Skyrocketing rents and a shift toward online shopping has brought about the demise of many brick-and-mortar businesses. Unable to compete with the low prices of big-box retailers, mom-and-pop shops are shuttering their doors. Even big-box brands are suffering as their limited inventory fails to keep up with ecommerce giants like Amazon.

With e-commerce, entrepreneurs can avoid these small-business pitfalls. It’s no mystery that hosting a website is far cheaper than maintaining a brick-and-mortar store, and the rise of dropshipping has rendered the need for massive warehouse space obsolete.

Is e-commerce profitable?

E-commerce isn’t a guaranteed path to success by any means. Countless online stores open and close without registering a blip on consumers’ radar. However, stores that do well do very well. An analysis from RJMetrics found a typical ecommerce store generates $63,000 in monthly revenue by its third month. By year three, that number jumps to $352,000 a month.

How to make money in e-commerce

Setting up a successful e-commerce site requires three things:

1.) An in-demand product

Every e-commerce store needs a niche, but it can’t be just anything. Your niche needs to be something shoppers actually want to buy. However, it shouldn’t be the hottest thing on the market either or it will impossible to stand out.

Complete keyword research to find what consumers are searching for, then narrow down your search until you find a micro-niche with a profitable market. Make sure it’s a product you’re genuinely interested in. If you’re selling something you know nothing about, you’ll have a hard time making a compelling pitch to potential customers.

Once you’ve found your niche, have a plan to keep your inventory fresh. If your store has limited offerings, shoppers won’t keep coming back for more. Rotate your inventory on a schedule that makes sense. If you’re dropshipping wholesale clothing, change your inventory with the seasons. If you’re selling video games, make sure your site reflects the newest releases. Remember: It’s much easier to sell more stuff to an existing customer than it is to find new ones.

2.) A great website

Nothing kills an e-commerce site faster than a website that’s not user-friendly. Resist the urge to DIY your site to save money. A clunky website will lose you far more money than it saves. A good e-commerce site instills trust in shoppers, makes products incredibly easy to find, and executes an effective sales funnel. Web Designer Depot gives an excellent rundown of what goes into creating a high-quality ecommerce site. Continue Reading…

Franklin Templeton unveils multi-asset ETF portfolios for mutual fund advisors

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Franklin Templeton Canada president and CEO Duane Green

Since Vanguard Canada introduced three (now five) asset allocation ETFs a year ago, rivals have been scrambling to catch up. Little wonder, as those first three products — bearing TSX tickers VBAL, VGRO and VCNS — quickly scooped up a billion dollars in assets. Next out the gate was BlackRock Canada’s iShares, which launched two All-in-One ETF portfolios in December 2018 with similar-sounding tickers: XBAL and XGRO. Then a few weeks ago, as Dale Roberts nicely summarized here at the Hub, BMO ETFs jumped aboard with a similar suite as Vanguard’s original suite: ZBAL, ZGRO and ZCON, driving costs down as they did. See BMO keeps it simple.

Up until now, mutual fund salespeople operating in the MFDA channel (Mutual Fund Dealers Association) have been clamouring for ETF portfolios because if they aren’t also securities licensed, they couldn’t buy ETFs for their clients directly. That’s why Thursday’s announcement by Franklin Templeton is of interest: it announced the launch of three multi-asset ETF portfolios to provide advisors and investors with a simple solution for investing in ETFs. Managed by Franklin Templeton Multi-Asset Solutions, each portfolio is a mutual fund that provides access to active asset allocation utilizing a combination of active, smart beta and passive ETFs across multiple asset classes and geographies.

These portfolios let mutual fund investors access Franklin Templeton’s new passive ETFs (see this Hub post a few weeks ago), in addition to its active and smart beta ETFs while not having to worry about asset allocation, rebalancing and currency management.

Franklin Templeton Investments Canada president and CEO Duane Green said in a press release that “Many investors are overwhelmed by the choice of ETFs available in the Canadian market.” That’s  a fair statement, which is why I am working with Dale Roberts and eight other ETF experts to select the 2019 edition of the MoneySense ETF All-Stars, which will be published later this month. A year ago we were quick to spot the trend and made all three of the Vanguard portfolios All-Stars, albeit in a new category. The question for us this year is which of the newer offerings should be added? Stay tuned!

How these differ from Balanced Mutual Funds

We’ll outline the names of the new Templeton funds shortly but I did want to add the fact that mutual fund companies have long offered balanced mutual funds and asset allocation funds, both Canadian and global. These are usually actively managed and of course generally bear the high MERs that have caused Canada’s fund industry to be so criticized. Once upon a time, I often wrote about the Rip Van Winkle two-fund portfolios, which was simply a Trimark Balanced Fund and Templeton Growth Fund. And I have written in the past that “in theory, the only fund an investor needs is a global balanced fund.” That’s because they would cover all asset classes and geographies, with rebalancing and asset allocation all taken care of by active managers. That’s pretty much what’s going on with these ETF portfolios, with the difference being that the fees are much much lower: 20 basis points plus or minus 2, or a tenth the price of a typical balanced mutual fund.

So back to Franklin’s new entry. Continue Reading…

Are current beliefs about RRSPs costing Canadians money in the long term?

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By Edward Kholodenko

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

A recent study we conducted with Leger (www.leger360.com) asking what Canadians wanted in relation to their RRSP investments unearthed some compelling findings demonstrating that many Canadians have misconceptions that could be costing them money, especially in the long term.

Our research confirmed 78 per cent would be willing to switch to a lower-fee RRSP investment, if the lower fees could ensure a superior rate of return.  When we asked if they were able to move their RRSP easily, which factors would be most important, 66 per cent once again said they would move accounts for lower fees and better returns.

In addition to lower fees and higher returns, 31 per cent of people we talked to identified the ability to easily manage their RRSPs and make contributions online as a factor to consider in a switch (highest in those between the ages of 25 – 44 years), speaking perhaps to the rising appeal of newer fintech companies who offer the ability to do everything online.

When asked for other reasons they might consider switching their RRSPs, respondents cited frustrations including feeling like they’re being upsold (28 per cent), having to book an appointment and visit their financial institution in person (27 per cent) and not knowing what their RRSP is invested in (26 per cent).

This strongly suggests Canadians are far from content with their current RRSP contribution process and provider and would be willing to switch; however, there are misconceptions that are holding people back.  Most interesting — only 50 per cent believe their RRSPs can easily be transferred between financial institutions.

Common misconceptions

Why? Common misconceptions included high transfer fees (32 per cent), incurring a tax penalty (24 per cent) and even the fear of an uncomfortable conversation with their current advisor or financial institution (16 per cent).  While only 50 per cent of Canadians told us that they believe their RRSP can be easily moved between financial institutions, the reality is that RRSPs are easy to transfer.  There are no tax penalties incurred when an account is transferred and furthermore, most institutions would cover the cost of any transfer fee that may be charged and by consolidating your RRSPs at an institution with lower fees, you may reach your retirement goals faster. Continue Reading…