Building Wealth

For the first 30 or so years of working, saving and investing, you’ll be first in the mode of getting out of the hole (paying down debt), and then building your net worth (that’s wealth accumulation.). But don’t forget, wealth accumulation isn’t the ultimate goal. Decumulation is! (a separate category here at the Hub).

Where the Market Is Moving: Sector Rotation for Self-Directed Investors

Posted By |

Learn how leadership shifts can change your portfolio and how sector rotation can help you respond.

By Saakshi Mehta, VP, ETF and Alternatives Strategy at BMO GAM

(Sponsor Blog)

Market commentary often reduces equity performance to a single question: are markets up or down? But equity markets do not move as a single block. They are made up of many industries, each responding to different economic forces and expectations around growth, risk and profitability. What looks calm at the index level can mask meaningful shifts beneath the surface.

Chart 1 introduces the Global Industry Classification Standard, or GICS, the framework most investors use to define equity sectors. By grouping companies based on their primary business activities, GICS provides a consistent structure for observing how leadership shifts across the market over time.

This is why sector rotation matters. Whether you actively rotate sectors or not, understanding sector exposures is essential for knowing what risks you’re taking and what’s driving your portfolio’s performance. Ignoring sectors can mean flying blind to some of the most important forces affecting your investments.

Sector rotation strategy is a valuable tool for individual investors seeking to enhance returns and manage risk, but it requires discipline, realistic expectations, and an understanding of both the opportunities and challenges involved.

Chart 1: Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS)  

Source: MSCI, S&P Dow Jones, BMO GAM

The Core Concept

A sector rotation framework begins with the key observations: where leadership is forming, what forces are driving it, and how sustainable that leadership might be. In that sense, sector rotation is less about forecasting and more about interpreting what markets are already signaling.

The goal is to overweight sectors expected to outperform and underweight or avoid those likely to underperform. Capital tends to move toward areas where expectations are improving and away from areas where optimism has already peaked.

Sector rotation involves shifting your portfolio allocations among different market sectors based on where we are in the economic cycle. This matters because the performance gap between the best and worst sectors in any given year can exceed 15-20 percentage points (Chart 2). Being positioned in the right sectors can meaningfully improve your returns, while being stuck in lagging sectors can significantly hurt performance.

Chart 2: Sector Performance in the US in 2024 and 2025 

Data as of year-end 2024 and 2025
Source: Bloomberg, BMO GAM

Divergence is a Feature, not a Bug

Sectors are influenced by different economic and structural forces. Interest rates, inflation, regulation, innovation, labour costs and commodity prices do not affect all businesses in the same way. Because these drivers rarely move in sync, sector performance naturally diverges.

That divergence is not a flaw. It is a defining feature of equity markets. It creates periods of concentration, periods of diversification, and conditions that allow leadership to rotate rather than remain fixed.

Market structure adds another layer. Sector composition varies significantly across regions. As Chart 3 shows, U.S. equity markets are heavily weighted toward Technology, while Canadian equity markets are dominated by Financials and resource-linked sectors. The same global environment can therefore produce very different outcomes depending on which market an investor is exposed to.

Continue Reading…

Planning major Purchases during Retirement

Posted By |

Planning major purchases during retirement requires aligning income timing, market conditions, and long-term financial stability to support lasting flexibility.

Image courtesy Adobe Stock/peopleimages.com

By Dan Coconate

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Retirement changes how income flows, which means planning major purchases during retirement requires a more deliberate approach than it did during peak earning years. Instead of relying on a steady salary, retirees draw from savings and structured income sources, so each major expense must fit within a longer financial horizon.

Careful planning allows individuals to move forward with confidence while preserving the stability that supports future years, particularly when financial decisions must stretch across an extended retirement timeline.

Understanding how Cash Flow Evolves

Income arrives differently after retirement, and each source carries its own implications when funding a large purchase. Withdrawals from registered accounts may affect taxes, while selling investments can alter long-term growth potential, which makes timing a central consideration.

When retirees map out funding strategies before committing, they gain a clearer sense of how the purchase will influence future income. That preparation reduces the risk of decisions that feel manageable in the moment, but creates pressure later, especially when income must stretch across decades and support both planned and unplanned expenses.

Weighing Lifestyle Value with Financial Reality

Major purchases reflect personal priorities, whether that involves extended travel or a second property that supports time with family. These decisions carry meaning, yet they still require a disciplined evaluation of ongoing costs and expected use.

In the case of recreational real estate, retirees may notice that waterfront properties appeal to vacation home buyers because of their setting and long-term desirability. That perspective fits within a broader assessment, since ownership involves upkeep and financial commitments that must align with retirement goals and long-term affordability, particularly when property ownership extends beyond seasonal use.

Considering Market Conditions before Committing

Financial markets influence both the cost of large purchases and the resources used to fund them, which makes timing an important part of the decision. Selling assets during a strong market period may reduce pressure on a portfolio, while moving forward during a downturn can create a strain that lingers.

A disciplined timing strategy allows retirees to act when conditions support the purchase. Maintaining that discipline supports a more stable financial path, even as markets fluctuate, and reinforces the value of patience when making high-impact financial decisions that cannot be easily reversed or adjusted once completed.

Preserving Flexibility for Future Needs

Large purchases should not restrict the ability to respond to unexpected developments, since retirement still brings changes that require financial attention. Healthcare needs and property repairs can emerge without warning, making flexibility a key part of any plan. Continue Reading…

Retired Money: How conservative investors and Retirees can avoid AI FOMO

Posted By |
Image by Felix Martinez from Pixabay

My latest MoneySense Retired Money column has just been published and is available via this hyperlinked headline:  AI for Conservative Investors.

The subject was how conservative investors and retirees can participate at least partly in the AI investing boom, allaying some of their FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) while also remaining sufficiently diversified that any popping of the alleged AI Bubble would not severely damage their long-term Retirement prospects.

Readers of Findependence Hub had the chance to view the webinar because we three times provided advance notice that this site was conducting the webinar in association with The Successful Investor/TSI Network. TSI founder and CIO Patrick McKeough contributes guest blogs to this site roughly twice a month.

The MoneySense column constitutes my initial reporting on the webinar. As I note there. from where I sit — well into RRIF age —  AI is a theme young investors have little choice but to embrace, at least in part. Growth is the preferred strategy for those just starting their investing careers, particularly for TFSAs. And if any transformative innovation seems poised for major growth in the long term, it seems to be A.I.

But for those in the Retirement Risk Zone, there is potential danger in jumping whole hog onto the AI bandwagon, even if it should not be ignored as a key growth play for the “satellite” portion of a portfolio, as opposed to the “core” of a well-diversified global portfolio.

A more cautious approach to investing in AI

 The Successful Investor’s approach to investors partaking in the AI revolution is suitably cautious. Enthusiastic investors may see new ideas sparking market excitement and huge growth potential, the webinar warned, but they may also overlook the risks of unexpectedly longer-than-expected profitability or the fact that new innovations may disrupt existing businesses. As for the pure AI stocks and start-ups, some certainly promise major upsides and some will succeed but history shows that “most will struggle or fail … as they always have in venture capital and junior stocks.” Continue Reading…

BDAY: Bitcoin exposure with DayMAX™ advantage

Posted By |
Hamilton ETFs

By Hamilton ETFs

(Sponsor Blog)

Bitcoin has become an increasingly accessible asset for investors, with growing participation from both institutional and retail investors through regulated investment vehicles. Institutional adoption, new regulatory frameworks and improved custody solutions continue to bring Bitcoin further into the mainstream.

Cryptocurrency ownership among U.S. investors has increased from 6% in 2021 to 17% in 2025, according to Gallup[1].

At Hamilton ETFs, we focus on developing innovative solutions that address real portfolio needs. As interest in Bitcoin has grown, we saw an opportunity to apply our options expertise to the asset class in a way that addresses the needs of income-oriented investors while avoiding the traditional trade-off between income generation and upside participation.

Introducing BDAY

The Hamilton Enhanced Bitcoin DayMAX™ ETF (BDAY) is a first-of-its-kind strategy designed to provide 100% exposure to Bitcoin’s potential upside while generating income through Hamilton’s innovative DayMAX™ strategy, which utilizes zero-days-to-expiration covered call writing (0DTE).

Until now, investors seeking income from Bitcoin have generally faced a trade-off: generating option premium in exchange for less Bitcoin upside potential. By not writing call options on BDAY’s Bitcoin holdings (achieved through investing in IBIT, iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF), we preserve full participation in Bitcoin: up or down. In addition, the actively managed DayMAX™ covered call strategy offers more opportunities for income generation by monetizing volatility every day.

In short, BDAY consists of:

  • 100% Bitcoin exposure, via iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF (IBIT), without covered calls
  • 25% Nasdaq 100 exposure, via Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF (QQQM), from modest leverage, on which to apply 0DTE options strategy to generate attractive semi-monthly income

The DayMAX™ advantage

BDAY brings our popular DayMAX™ approach to investors seeking Bitcoin exposure and income. Rather than writing covered calls directly on Bitcoin, BDAY generates attractive tax-efficient yield through a separate QQQM sleeve and an actively managed 0DTE covered call strategy.

This structure allows the portfolio to clearly separate its roles. Bitcoin serves as the growth potential, providing 100% exposure to the asset, while QQQM in conjunction with the DayMAX™ strategy is used to generate option premium income.

Key features of the DayMAX™ strategy include: Continue Reading…

The underestimated Power of Pensions

Posted By |
Adobe Stock Image, courtesy CAAT Pension Plan

By Anthony Damtsis

Special to Financial Independence Hub

Expectations of the future shape how we behave today, especially when it comes to planning for retirement. When people overestimate or underestimate where their retirement income will come from, it can affect how they save, how they plan, when they retire, and how financially secure they feel over time.

That sounds simple enough. But retirement has a way of making simple things complicated.

Recent research from CAAT Pension Plan shows a clear gap between what working Canadians expect retirement to look like and what retirees actually experience.

The retirement we picture

Nearly one in four working Canadians expect personal savings to be their primary source of income in retirement. In reality, only about one in seven retirees rely on personal savings as their primary source of income.

At the same time, working Canadians appear to underestimate the role of workplace pensions. Among working people with a pension, only 10% expect it to be their primary source of income in retirement. But among retirees with a pension, 23% say their pension is their primary income source.   Pensions are a foundational source of income for many. Retirees with pensions report approximately $2,750 more in average monthly household income than retirees without pensions.

For many Canadians, that is the difference between getting by and living well. Defined Benefit [DB] pensions can provide a predictable stream of retirement income, reduce the burden of managing investments alone, and help protect against the risk of savings running out.

This expectation gap matters because expectations are not harmless. If people expect personal savings to carry more significance than they realistically will, they may delay planning, undersave, or assume they will have more time to catch up later. That can increase the risk of outliving savings, delaying retirement, or becoming more dependent on public supports.

The reality today is that 38% of Canadians without a workplace pension report taking little or no action toward saving for retirement. Among Canadians with household income below $50,000, that figure rises to 60%.

This can show up as delayed retirement. For Canadians, the average ideal retirement age is 60, while the average expected retirement age is 67. For many people, there is a meaningful seven-year gap between the retirement they hope for and the retirement they think is realistic.

There is a quiet lesson in that gap. When people do not have a clear path to retirement, they do not always change their savings behaviour today. Sometimes they change their expectations about tomorrow.

The pension habit

This research challenges the idea that pensions crowd out personal saving. Savings habits are an important building block in creating predictable income in retirement. Pensions can act as a foundation for those habits because they make saving structured, automatic, and easier to sustain.

This matters because good financial behaviour is often less about willpower than design. If saving depends on making the right decision every month, life has plenty of opportunities to get in the way. A pension changes the architecture of the decision. It turns saving from something people have to repeatedly choose into something that happens more reliably in the background.

The research suggests this happens in the real world. Pension plan members are nearly four times more likely than non-pension plan participants to report using a full suite of retirement savings tools, such as TFSAs, RRSPs, and non-registered accounts. Specifically, 27% of pension members use a full suite of savings tools, compared with just 7% of those without a pension.

Canadians with workplace pensions are also more likely to use multiple savings approaches at the same time, 30% compared with 16% of those without a pension.

Access is the real barrier

Many Canadians want to save, but they do not always have access to the tools that make saving easier. Continue Reading…