Reviews

We review books that deal with everything from financial independence topics to politics, and anything in between. We may sometimes stray into films and music if there is a “Findependence” angle.

XEQT Review: An iShares All-Equity ETF Analysis

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By Bob Lai, Tawcan

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

A while ago, I wrote a VEQT review where I performed a thorough and deep analysis of the Vanguard All-Equity ETF. While I really like VEQT, we ended up buying XEQT for our kids’ RESPs due to a few key reasons. The beauty of a one-fund solution ETF such as the iShares All-Equity ETF (XEQT) means there’s no need to re-balance regularly. This makes it a very straightforward and simple investment approach. More importantly, the all-in-one ETFs provide instant asset class diversification and geographical diversification, all for a very low management fee.

Vanguard and iShares are two of the most well established and most trusted ETF companies in the world. Both companies offer similar all-equity ETFs – VEQT and XEQT, respectively. Lately, when I’m coaching clients new to investing, I’d typically recommend XEQT to them because of the lower MER fee compared to VEQT.

Although XEQT is great for beginner investors, this all-equity ETF is just as good for experienced investors. This ETF definitely has a place in most investors’ portfolios.

Having written a VEQT review, I figured I needed to write a similar review for XEQT so readers can compare the two side-by-side.

Table of Contents
iShares All-Equity ETF – XEQT
XEQT Fees
XEQT Underlying Holdings
XEQT Top 10 Market Allocation
XEQT Top 10 Holdings

XEQT Sector Exposure

XEQT Returns
XEQT Distributions
Foreign Withholding Tax with XEQT
XEQT Review – Pros and Cons of XEQT
Pros of XEQT
Cons of XEQT
XEQT vs. VEQT

iShares XEQT vs. Other iShares ETF Funds

XEQT vs. XGRO
XEQT vs. XIC
XEQT vs. XAW
XEQT vs. ITOT
Who should buy XEQT?
Summary – XEQT Review

iShares All-Equity ETF – XEQT

The iShares All-Equity ETF Portfolio, XEQT, holds 100% in equity. This means that the ETF holds no bonds. iShares have several all-in-one ETFs and XEQT falls in the more volatile, riskier spectrum of all the all-in-one ETFs because XEQT holds 100% in stocks.

XEQT seeks to provide long-term capital growth by investing primarily in one or more exchange-traded funds managed by BlackRock Canada, or an affiliate that provides exposure to equity securities. Just like its counterpart all-in-one ETFs, iShare All-Equity ETF trades on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the ticker name “XEQT” and is traded in Canadian dollars.

XEQT is a relatively new ETF. It was created in Aug 2019. Some key facts of XEQT:

  • Inception Date: Aug 7, 2019
  • Eligibility: RRSP, RRIF, RESP, TFSA, DPSP, RDSP, taxable
  • Dividend Schedule: Quarterly
  • Management Fee: 0.18%
  • MER: 0.20%
  • Listing Currency: CAD
  • Exchange: Toronto Stock Exchange
  • Net Asset: $595.48M
  • Number of holdings: 4
  • The number of stocks: 9,444

XEQT Fees

XEQT has a management expense ratio (MER) of 0.20%, which is 0.05% lower than VEQT. While 0.05% may not seem a lot, if your portfolio value is $250,000, it means $125 in fees each year. While it’s not an enormous amount of money when your portfolio is that big, it adds up eventually.

One thing to note is that the all-in-one and all-equity ETFs that Vanguard, iShares, and other ETF companies all have very low management fees. These management fees are typically much, much lower than the MER on the typical mutual funds available to Canadians. The low MER is one of the key reasons why index ETFs are excellent investment options for Canadians.

If you use a discount broker like Questrade, you can buy ETFs commission free. This would reduce your overall transaction cost significantly. If you use Wealthsimple, you can also buy ETFs commission free.

Check out my Questrade vs. Wealthsimple Trade review to see which discount broker is best for you.

XEQT Underlying Holdings

Like other iShares all-in-one ETFs, XEQT holds four iShares ETFs which means that XEQT holds 9,033 stocks. The underlying holdings are:

  • iShares Core S&P Total US Stock (ITOT) – 48.02%
  • iShares MSCI EAFE IMI Index (XEF) – 24.39%
  • iShares S&P/TSX Capped Composite (XIC) – 22.71%
  • iShares Core MSCI Emerging Markets (IMEG) – 4.64%

The rest of the portfolio holds USD and CAD cash and/or derivatives.

XEQT Top 10 Market Allocation

Here is XEQT’s top 10 market allocation.

  • US: 47.13%
  • Canada: 23.79%
  • Japan: 5.37%
  • UK: 3.08%
  • Switzerland: 2.25%
  • France: 2.23%
  • Germany: 1.92%
  • Australia: 1.84%
  • China: 1.74%
  • Netherlands: 1.27%

The exposure to each country will vary month over month but the variations are typically in the fractions of a percentage. XEQT has a much higher exposure to the US market compared to VEQT. While XEQT has 8.89% exposure to other markets, iShares did not provide such information on the website. Continue Reading…

3 of top 6 NYT bestsellers reprise Trump’s last year in office, with two more to come

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Sadly for democracy, the summer of 2021 has seen yet another flurry of books about former US president Donald Trump. The three main ones are shown in the photo above (taken from the Toronto Sunday Star’s reprint of the New York Times Book Review that appeared on August 15th, referencing late July sales).  

And two more may shortly join them on the list, both by authors who have tackled this terrain at least once before: one by Bob Woodward, Peril, coauthored with Robert Costa, and Mary Trump’s sequel, The Reckoning, which came out this week, more on which below.

While we did publish a version of this blog earlier this summer I have revised it to reflect the fact that the three books already published make up three of the top six bestsellers .

Notice that all three titles originated with words originally from Trump’s mouth. I have now read or listened to all three of I Alone Can Fix It (number 1 on the adjacent list), Landslide (number 3) and Frankly, We Did Win This Election (Number 6). Thank you for the sympathy.

In the case of the three books already out and flagged above, I borrowed ebooks or audio books from the Toronto Public Library’s excellent Libby service and/or a paid service called SCRIBD: a paid service that has a 30-day free trial. Not being a Trump fan, I really don’t relish the idea of actually paying for these books, although you could also argue the authors are performing a public service in reminding American voters of the folly they committed in 2016 and may yet repeat in 2024.

I certainly hope that these five books will be the last batch but fear that we’re not even close. 45 — as I prefer to call him — grabbed an outsized share of the world’s attention during his ill-fated first term and it’s well within the realm of possibility that he will continue to do so in what may prove to be a mere interregnum of the Joe Biden presidency.

If, God forbid, 45 also becomes 47 by winning in 2024 then all told the world would be subjected to more than 12 years of his commanding the media’s attention and that of the publishing world, like it or not. The implications for the global economy and by extension the stock market are not, I think, pretty, should the worst happen.

True, 2024 may seem like a long shot, given 45’s age (75), obesity and poor dietary and exercise habits, not to mention the multiple criminal and civil legal cases unfolding against him. One hopes that eventually all this will catch up with him and that the American electorate will finally wise up to the conman/would-be dictator. You can fool some of the people all of the time but are there really 74 million Americans who are blinded to 45’s obvious faults?

So far, he’s got away with everything

CNN.COM

Apparently so. As Mary Trump wrote in the closing pages of her book on her uncle,  Too Much and Never Enough, “So far he’s gotten away with everything.” He’s dodged every bullet fired at him during his checkered career as real estate mogul, reality TV star and twice-impeached US president.

In her followup book, Mary outlines her ideas on how America can cope with the aftermath of her uncle’s chaotic four years.

Again, I read a library e-book and found the 205 pages of The Reckoning to be a fairly quick read. Roughly half the content reprises the first book and its focus on Uncle Donny. The other half, including the opening chapter, covers perhaps more American history than most Canadians will be interested in: especially its native origins and early days of slavery of Black Americans and/or a lot of analysis and recommendations for how America can emerge from the “trauma” that psychologist Mary Trump hypothesizes afflicted her and many other Americans following her uncle’s 2016 electoral victory.

Certainly, she has not dialled down her rhetoric about her uncle. A few sample passages:

She concedes that 74 million people voted for Donald, who she describes as “the least worthy person I can imagine.”

“…. despite, or because of, the four years of incompetence, cruelty, criminality, grifting, unconstitutional behaviour, treachery, treason, and most breathtaking of all, the fact that almost there hundred thousand Americans had died by Election Day as a direct result of Donald’s willfully malicious inaction.”

Or:

“Donald wasn’t just incompetent, laughable, and cruel — though he was all of those — he was actively laying the groundwork, through his rhetoric, his policies, and his perversion of democratic norms and institutions, for autocracy.”

 

What has this to do with Financial Independence?

What has all this got to do with Financial Independence? At first blush, not a lot. See for example this Hub blog I wrote from 2018: The glut of books about Trump and prospects for Boomers’ retirements. If he actually wins back office from 2025 to 2029, many of his generation will be retired if they’re not already.

The last time we looked at Trump books was last fall, as we steeled ourselves for the possibility of his reelection: apart from the Mary Trump book cited above I reviewed Michael Cohen’s Disloyal and Bob Woodward’s Rage. Again, note that Woodward is about to publish Peril, another book about Trump’s last year in office, coauthored with the Washington Post’s Robert Costa.

Which brings us to the three bestsellers flagged in yellow in the list at the top of this blog. Apart from them, hose interested in the Covid aspect of the Trump presidency might also want to read Nightmare Scenario. I  enjoyed it, although anyone paying attention to the news throughout 2020 will be familiar with the story arc: 45’s initial and ongoing denial of Covid, his attempt to keep the stock market from being spooked by it, and on through Operation Warp Speed and Pfizer’s announcement of its successful vaccine scant days after the election, which of course infuriated 45. Mary Trump’s The Reckoning also spends a lot of time on Donald’s negligence with respect to the pandemic

Landslide

This is Michael Wolff’s third book on Trump, which in itself should be cause for pity for this author. The New York Times favourably reviewed this along with I Alone Can Fix It. Continue Reading…

Q&A on VRIF: Vanguard’s new Retirement Income ETF Portfolio

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Vanguard Canada

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Republished with permission of Vanguard Canada

Late last year we launched a new all-in-one ETF solution, VRIF, to complement our existing line up of popular asset allocation ETFs.

VRIF, or the Vanguard Retirement Income ETF Portfolio, provides steady and predictable income to help investors meet their monthly expenses. It is made up of eight underlying Canadian Vanguard ETFs and will make an annual payout (currently 4% of the portfolio) split across equal payments each month.

The product has generated interest from investors and advisors along with several industry observers helping it become one of our top selling ETFs over the past few months and generating $150 million in assets (as of February 8, 2021).

It has also led to some questions on how it works and what it hopes to achieve. I wanted to collect some of those common questions and provide a few answers about VRIF.

1) What makes VRIF different from other similar monthly income funds and ETFs?

VRIF is unique in a few different ways. It incorporates a total return approach, meaning the portfolio is constructed to ensure it can help meet the daily living expenses of investors. There is an annual payout (currently 4% of the portfolio) split across equal payments each month. This is appropriate for investors and retirees looking for regular income as well as helping RRIF account withdrawals. For example, if you hold $30,000 in VRIF at the start of the year, that equates to $100 a month, for $1,200 over the year.

You also get a fully diversified portfolio with a mix of stocks and bonds, global diversification and a low-cost management fee of 0.29%*, which is currently about one-third of other similar retirement income products across the industry.

Another advantage to VRIF is that investors can rely on Vanguard’s global investment experts to monitor and assess the portfolio to meet the return target, along with providing regular rebalancing to help simplify the monthly income component. It really is a single ticket solution for investors to access monthly income.

* The management fee is equal to the fee paid by the ETF to Vanguard Investments Canada Inc. and does not include applicable taxes or other fees and expenses of the ETF.

2) How can VRIF help retirees and investors looking for income?

Managing income in retirement is not an easy task. There are a lot of ETFs and mutual funds for building up your retirement savings but not many for people who are looking to use those savings for their retirement spending.

With 30% of Canada’s population being 55 or older, the need for income has never been greater among investors. VRIF gives you a regular consistent payout each month (currently 4% of the total portfolio) and readjusts it once per year. Each year we set a dollar amount and it’s the same for every month in that year. The outcome is a simple and low-cost investment option that can help people enjoy their retirement.

3) How does VRIF expect to achieve the annual payout for investors given the current low-yield environment and where does that payout come from?

Within VRIF, we use a well-diversified total return approach to achieve a tax-friendly annual payout, (currently 4% of the portfolio) split across equal payments each month, that includes income from the portfolio and capital appreciation. Continue Reading…

Kornel Szrejber’s Podcast interview with me and PWL’s Ben Felix about the 2021 MoneySense ETF All-Stars

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An interesting analysis of the annual MoneySense ETF All-stars feature is now available on a one-hour podcast interview hosted by BuildWealthCanada.ca’s Kornel Szrejber, with myself and PWL Capital’s Ben Felix. Click on this highlighted text for the full session: The Best ETFs in Canada for 2021.

Initially, the interview is audio-only, available through iTunes and the usual podcast services. Later there will be a version that also shows video.

The full 2021 edition of the ETF all-stars can be found here at the MoneySense site, and the Hub’s summary here. The feature appeared early in April.

There are various links to the ETFs, including the ticker symbols (most of them trading on the TSX).

Kornel Szrejber

After kind introductions of both me and Ben Felix, both of us then added a few more details about our careers before Kornel started the formal interview. He did so by asking about the general philosophy behind the All-Stars and the mechanics of how we got eight ETF experts to agree on designating roughly 50 ETFs (from a universe of near a thousand) as ETF All-Stars.

The philosophy underlying the All-stars

As I explain in the MoneySense overview, the feature – now in its 8th year – aims to help individual investors (with or without the assistance of advisors) whittle down the overwhelming choice of ETFs now on the market. The goal has never been to whipsaw investors with change for the sake of change, but rather we strive to pick “buy and hold” broadly diversified low-cost ETFs that can be held over the years and ideally the decades.

Except for the individual “Desert Island Picks” (see below), generally the idea has been to avoid flavor-of-the-month theme funds or regional equity ETFs too narrowly focused on single countries (apart from Canada and the US). As a result, we try to keep the list to a manageable number that don’t necessarily change with every passing year. Of course, once in a while there is a “game-changer” that requires a revamp: the Asset Allocation ETFs from Vanguard Canada and subsequently its major competitors being the best example.

We also assume our readers are probably not day traders but looking for low-cost manageable portfolios that might be tweaked annually but likely won’t welcome a total revamp of their investments every year. We assume some are DIY investors buying them from discount brokerages, some have full-service advisors (including shops like PWL Capital), and some are hybrid investors who largely invest on their own but like to validate their approach through perhaps a fee-only advisor.

How the panel “votes” 

As for the mechanics of choosing the ETFs, as I tell Kornel, the eight expert panelists simply debate by email or Slack and “vote” on a spreadsheet. We have four teams of two each and once each team agrees, we try and find a consensus among the four teams. So 5 out of 8 votes would carry the day: I myself don’t vote unless there is a 4-4 tie and the tie needs to be broken.

After the introductory chat, there is a brief interlude where Kornel describes his own personal transition to financial independence and semi-retirement, and addresses his own personal ETF picks, and why he holds his emergency cash with EQ Bank (as does our family). Continue Reading…

Millennials want to FIRE at age 50

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By Mark Seed, MyOwnAdvisor

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Whether you agree with the FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) movement or not – it’s a big thing.

Personally, I’m a huge believer in clear goals. If FIRE at age 50 is your goal, go for it.

Goals can be positive, purposeful and motivating. I think goals are great because they force you into choices.

Pursuing financial Independence is a choice.

That said, I’ve learned to let go a bit. Spend a bit. Relax a bit. Enjoy things just a bit more. 

In case you missed it, some people can work too hard, too long and save too much for retirement.

Make FI a goal but not life’s final destination

I make financial goals like these every year to help me/us stay focused on our choices.

Whether you are in your 20s, 30s, 40s or 50s aspiring for some form of earlier retirement than most – if that’s your choice – just consider what you’ll do with your time when you get there. FI is a great goal, just don’t make it a final destination.

Millennial FIRE at age 50 case study

I’ve been fortunate to receive emails from dozens, if not hundreds of readers in recent years asking me what it takes to build a 7-figure portfolio, can I retire with X amount of money, and what would a world of living off dividends and distributions could be like.

Well, I will tell you my goal to live off dividends and distributions remains alive and well!

I will continue to answer those questions from readers as much as possible – so keep them coming.

But given those questions, I figured I’d share yet another case study for a reader/lurker on my site.

Before we get to that new case study, a reminder you can check out these previous posts about folks striving to retire or semi-retire earlier than most AND what that takes:

Here is one proven path to retirement ignoring any 4% rule.

Karla and Toby are 54 and 56. Can they retire soon with $1.2 million in the bank and no company pensions?

Mike and Julie want to spend $50,000 per year in retirement starting in their 50s…how much do they need?

This 50-something couple wants to FIRE at 52. How much can they spend?

Millennials want to FIRE at age 50 – can they do it?

A reader of the site emailed me to discuss their early retirement dreams. Let’s look at their case study and find out what it takes to FIRE at age 50.

Here is their profile and what they told me:

  • Judy (F), and Shane (M), aged 35.
  • Judy is currently pregnant, and they are expecting their first child later this year.
  • They live in Kingston, ON.
  • They both work full-time for now.

“Mark, can we FIRE at 50?” If so, “what will our assets look like at age 50 assuming we try and max out contributions to our TFSAs at minimum every single year?”

To help answer these questions, I once again enlisted some help. Welcome back Owen Winkelmolen (no affiliation) who is a fee-for-service financial planner (QAFP) and founder of PlanEasy.ca. Owen specializes in budgeting, cashflow, taxes & benefits, and retirement planning – working with both individuals and young families to help them with comprehensive financial plans from today to age 100.

Owen, thoughts for Judy and Shane?

Thanks Mark and glad to be back on your site. I love these case studies!

First, before we share the results, let’s provide some inputs and background data for context. Based on their information to you, we’ve included this information below in their projections with some assumptions as well:

  • Judy works full-time, for now, making a solid $95,000 per year as engineer with performance bonus opportunities at work of up to 15% (although the latter is never expected).
  • Shane is an HVAC mechanic making up to $80,000 per year.
  • They have a sizeable mortgage: $350,000. They hope to have it paid off in 10 years and as of now, with a child on the way, they have no plans to move.
  • For the most part, they’ve been quite smart – owning both cars/vehicles. They plan to replace Shane’s truck in another 5-7 years so they have established a “car fund”. They have $15,000 saved up already!
  • They’ve read your site Mark (about your emergency fund and have gone well beyond that with a child on the way) and keep about $25,000 in cash as an emergency fund. 

Mark to Owen: we did it – why we have an emergency fund.

  • They’ve worked hard and investing wisely. Mark told me they have about $100,000 invested inside each of their TFSAs – contributions are now maxed out since they’ve been contributing to their TFSAs since account inception.
  • RRSPs are not yet maxed out – there is only so much money to go around. Judy has an RRSP value of $110,000; Shane about $90,000.
  • They have also told Mark they intend to start contributing to a Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP) in the coming years for their child.
  • Neither Judy nor Shane have any workplace pension.

We’re going to make a few assumptions based on the information they also provided:

  • That their home has a value of $500,000 now and they will pay off the mortgage as planned as best they can.
  • Their interest rate is about 2.3%, with payments estimated to be about $2,200 per month.
  • They have no other debt – no credit cards, nothing.
  • We’re not sure if they plan to have other children so we won’t make any assumptions there!
  • We’ll also assume Judy sticks to her plan and stays at home for a bit but will return to work/work form home after about 6 months have passed. Shane also wants to be at home a bit. For daycare, they are lucky, they told Mark they have some help!

Owen: here is what the FIRE at 50 math says!

Judy and Shane have done an excellent job setting themselves up for financial independence and early retirement. Their plan is very robust and includes lots of flexibility. That flexibility will allow them to choose to spend more in the future and find a better balance between saving and spending or retire earlier than they planned. Continue Reading…