Debt & Frugality

As Didi says in the novel (Findependence Day), “There’s no point climbing the Tower of Wealth when you’re still mired in the basement of debt.” If you owe credit-card debt still charging an usurous 20% per annum, forget about building wealth: focus on eliminating that debt. And once done, focus on paying off your mortgage. As Theo says in the novel, “The foundation of financial independence is a paid-for house.”

The Pros and Cons of Store Credit Cards

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By Barry Choi

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Even as another holiday season has arrived and nearly gone, retailers are trying their best to get us to spend money at their stores. One way they hope to achieve this is by offering enticing rewards and promotions when you sign up for their store credit card. This is a great strategy for retailers, but it’s also potentially a good deal for you since store credit cards can help you pocket additional savings.

Since many people already have a credit card, does it make sense to sign up for a new store credit card? Like any other credit card, it really comes down to the pros and cons of the card and how it fits into your spending.

The pros of store credit cards

Instant welcome offers

Although the welcome offers that come with store credit cards aren’t as generous as some other cards out there, sometimes they’re worth paying attention to. For example, the Hudson’s Bay credit card gives you 10% off your first purchase. If you’re buying a big-ticket item, then it might be worth your while to sign up: especially if you shop from Hudson’s Bay on the regular card.

Unlike most credit cards, the savings offered by store credit-card promotions are also instant. You won’t have to wait several statement periods or spend a certain amount (i.e. $3,000 within three months) to access the offer.

  • Great rewards for shopping in their stores

What’s really attractive about store credit cards is their enhanced in-store rewards. This, of course, is only relevant if you happen to shop at the retailer on a regular basis.

For example, with the Triangle Mastercard, you’ll earn 4% in Canadian Tire Money per dollar spent at Canadian Tire stores. There’s no other credit card out there that can beat that return at Canadian Tire, so if the iconic retailer is a regular part of your shopping routine, you could stand to save big with this store credit card.

PC Optimum is another popular retail loyalty program in Canada. If you were to apply for a PC Financial Mastercard, you could earn up to 30 PC Optimum points per dollar spent at Loblaws-owned grocery stores and up to 45 points per dollar at Shoppers Drug Mart: a 3% and 4.5% return respectively. Those earn rates add up to considerable savings on your grocery and pharmacy bills, even compared to what non-retail credit cards offer.

  • Store credit cards are often easier to get

What’s also appealing about store credit cards is that they often have low income requirements and there’s usually no annual fee: so they’re easy to get and free to carry. The reason retailers do this is so you’ll be more inclined to apply. For example, the Costco credit card from Capital One has no annual fee and the application doesn’t list a minimum income requirement.

  • Store credit cards often let you take advantage of unique financing options

Sometimes store credit cards offer special in-store benefits that can’t be ignored, such as Canadian Tire’s credit cards, which offer no interest financing up to 24 months that applies to qualifying purchases of $200 or more at participating stores.

Let’s say an emergency has come up and you’ve had to spend $600 at Canadian Tire. By taking advantage of the no-fee, no-interest financing, you’d only have to pay $25 a month for 24 months with no additional interest or fees. This is handy if you don’t have the funds available to pay off the purchase right away. Continue Reading…

A Look into Tax Debt in the United States

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By Mike Brown

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Despite the financial harm it causes to many, tax debt, or the difference between taxes owed and paid, is an issue that does not receive much coverage compared to other forms of consumer debt like student loan, mortgage, or credit card debt. 

At the end of fiscal year 2018, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) reported that there were 13.1 million delinquent taxpayer accounts. The combined tax debt in the United States is an estimated US$527 billion, with US$381 billion of that coming from federal taxes and the rest from state-based taxes. 

If a tax debt case goes unresolved, the consequences can be severe, including things like wage garnishment, asset seizure, or an international travel ban. 

Even with its considerable size and consequences, tax debt goes under-reported, but hopefully a new report published by LendEDU and Solvable will help raise awareness. Analyzing over 75,000 unique cases of tax debt, LendEDU’s report broke down tax debt by state, in addition to the most common reasons for tax debt in each state.

New Mexico posts lowest average Tax Debt, Vermont the highest

The national average tax debt was US$16,489, and 16 states had a figure below the average, while 29 states and Washington D.C. had higher-than-average tax debt.

New Mexico’s average tax debt of US$13,878 was the lowest in the country; following closely behind New Mexico was West Virginia ($14,325), North Carolina ($14,657), and Louisiana ($14,731). 

On the other end of the spectrum, Vermont’s average tax debt of US$28,862 was the highest and was in the same neighborhood as North Dakota ($23,671), Wyoming ($21,095), and South Dakota ($21,071). 

Regionally, states in the Northeast, Midwest, and West generally had very high tax debt, while states in the South had average tax debt figures on the lower end. 

Main Reasons for Tax Debt include Back Tax Penalties and Divorce

A consumer can fall into tax debt for a variety of reasons, like underestimating how much in taxes he or she owes or not accounting for income made as a freelancer. Continue Reading…

Bank of Canada ends 2019 with a Rate Hold. What does this Mean for borrowers in 2020?

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Bank of Canada

By Penelope Graham, Zoocasa

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

The final rate announcement from Canada’s central bank has come and gone: and it appears that the cost of mortgages and other forms of variable-rate borrowing are to remain stable well into next year.

The Bank of Canada (BoC) opted to leave its trend-setting Overnight Lending Rate (which consumer lenders use to set the pricing of their variable mortgages and lines of credit) at 1.75% on December 4th.  The rate has held status quo since October 2018, and makes the BoC somewhat of an outlier when it comes to monetary policy; many central banks around the world, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, cut interest rates this year to counter growing U.S.-China trade tensions, as well as the growing threat of recession.

A positive take on the Canadian economy

However, the BoC has maintained all year that while global economic instability remains a key risk, it feels confident enough in both the international and domestic economies to avoid adding stimulus. Of course, tweaking interest rates is a key tool the BoC has at its disposal in times of economic need; by keeping the cost of borrowing lower, it encourages continued consumer spending and helps avoid a credit crunch.

While a number of economists and analysts anticipated at least one downward rate cut in 2019, that never materialized. In its December announcement, the central bank stated, “There is nascent evidence that the global economy is stabilizing, with growth still expected to edge higher over the next couple of years.” It also adds that while the risk remains, a potential recession has become less likely, and that there is reason for optimism as Canada’s economy is stabilizing.

The December report outlines that end-of-year growth has progressed largely in line with what was forecasted in October, with consumer spending rising 1.3%, as well as upticks in business investment and wage growth. As well, the BoC’s most important metric, core inflation, stayed near its 2% target, and is expected to remain in that range over the next two years. As long as that remains the case, it’s unlikely the BoC will be prompted to cut or hike rates in the near future.

Lower rates to spur Housing demand in the New Year

With little chance of rate movement in the short term, what does that spell for Canada’s housing market? In what is somewhat of a self-fulfilling prophecy, the BoC included strengthening real estate activity as one of the main contributors to economic growth, further supporting its platform to keep rates at their current historical lows. Lenders have been able to keep their variable-rate offerings deeply discounted, while fixed mortgage rates have been kept down by especially low yields in the bond market.

That’s led to a boom in cheaper credit and mortgages over the course of 2019, which has fueled growing home-buyer demand; while the federal mortgage stress test did help tamp down some borrowing activity by requiring applicants to qualify for higher rates, the shock impact of the measure has largely been absorbed.

Housing Agency calls for home sales and prices to rise through 2021

That’s a trend that will continue over the next 12 to 24 months, according to several analysts. For example, Capital Economics has forecasted national house price growth will rise at least 6% in 2020 due to low mortgage rates, as well as a growing gap between housing supply and demand. Continue Reading…

Last-minute gifts for Christmas: 10 unique but affordable ideas

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By Casey Milton

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Sometimes loved ones can be judgemental and happen to measure your affection for them based on what you get them for Christmas! But jokes aside, Christmas is an occasion that is incomplete without colourful boxes of presents.

But what about the budget? Especially when there are numerous people that you want to gift!

Here are 10 unique gift items to inspire you, which can be special, utilitarian and affordable all at the same time.

Before we get on with the list, it’s a good time to acknowledge that while many of us search for the most special gifts to give to our loved ones, it is also around this time that we contribute a lot to the global pollution rate with our unconscious consumer habits. It is high time we understand that sometimes “affordability” is not all about OUR monetary budgets but also about the Environmental cost.

So let’s be minimalists, let our gifts and gift packaging be in sync with the environment, and let the whole world have a breath of fresh air after the festivities are over.

1.)  DIY Gift Basket

Gift baskets are the coolest things that can fit just about any budget! You can create one without spending any money at all, with the help of a cardboard box or paper mache. Though the basket can make your presentation much special, it is still what goes into the basket that matters! If you can spend a little time to browse the local thrift stores, you may find some cool objects within your budget. Here are some ideas :

  • Coffee Hamper
  • Chocolate Hamper
  • Old-school basket of seasonal fruits
  • Vintage Collectibles curated from thrift stores
  • Hand-made, organic cosmetics
  • Hand-made soap and bath accessories
  • Art Supplies
  • Old, rare books curated from library giveaways

2.)  Handmade “Gift in a Jar”

The gift in a Jar is certainly not about a jar of honey or pickle! It is something a whole lot sweeter and full of joy! And this has so much potential to be a no-money gift item, based on whether you are buying the jar, and what you fill in it. Simply, take glass jar (recommended, reused jar) and fill it up with one of the following things :

  • Good Quality Battery-Operated Fairy Lights
  • “Open When” notes
  • Homemade Cookies
  • Homemade Chocolates
  • Handmade Candle

3.)  Personalized Tech Accessories

Tech accessories can be the most forward-thinking gifts, but only when you know your gift will compliment your dear one’s tech stuff. When it comes to such accessories, what better way to make them unique, than personalization! It doesn’t have to cost too much money, just needs a bit of your creativity:

  • Personalized protective phone cases for girls or boys, with their Instagram-worthy images, favorite colors or name initials – it should truly reflect their persona.
  • Personalized Bluetooth speakers
  • Personalized power banks

4.)  Rugs & Runners

Rugs can be functional gifts on a budget for the winter season and they don’t always have to be fancy or expensive. Here are some of the practical options:

  • Paint or embroider good quality sisal or jute rug
  • Knit a throw rug
  • DIY Rag Rugs
  • DIY braided rug with recycled fabric, you can also explore the thrift stores or art exhibitions to curate one of these.

5.)  Shelves of all kinds

You can never go wrong with shelves even if the person you are gifting lives in a rented space. The only condition is that you have to be careful about size and the installation process. Here are some ideas:

  • Ladder Shelves: you can take an inexpensive ladder, decorate it with some paint or polish, and you are good to go.
  • Rope Shelves are practical for rented places when you can simply hang them from command hooks
  • Floating wall shelves are good gifts when there are no restrictions or constraints on drilling

6.)  Plants

Continue Reading…

Age 60, retirement on a lower income – can I do it?

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By Mark Seed

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Retirement plans come in all shapes and sizes but retirement on a lower income is possible.

Not every Canadian has a house in Toronto or Vancouver they can cash-in on.

Gold-plated pension plans are dwindling.

There are people living in multi-family dwellings striving to make retirement ends meet.

Not every person is in a relationship.

Retirement on a lower income is (and is going to be) a reality for many Canadians. 

Here is a case study to find out if this reader might have enough to retire on a lower income.

(Note: information below has been adapted for this post; assumptions below made for illustrative purposes.)

Hi Mark,

I enjoy reading your path to financial independence and it has inspired me to invest better.  I’ve ditched my high cost mutual funds and I’m now invested in lower costs ETFs inside my RRSP.  I think that should help my retirement plan. 

So, do you think I’m ready to retire at 60?

Here is a bit about me:

  • Single, live in Nova Scotia. No children.
  • Own my home, no debt. I paid off my house by myself about 10 years ago.  No plans to move.  It might be worth $300,000 or so.
  • 1 car is paid for, a 2014 Hyundai SUV. Not sure what that is worth but I don’t plan on buying a new car anytime soon.
  • I have close to $50,000 saved inside my TFSA, all cash, I use that as my emergency fund.
  • I have about $250,000 saved inside my RRSP, invested in 3-4 ETFs now.
  • I have some pension-like income coming to me thanks to my time with a former employer. A LIRA is worth about $140,000 now.  I keep all of that invested in low-cost ETF VCN – one of the low-cost funds in your list here (so thanks for your help!)

I’m thinking of stopping work later this summer, taking Canada Pension Plan (CPP) soon and I will start Old Age Security (OAS) as soon as I can at age 65.

I plan to spend about $3,000 to $4,000 per month (after tax) including travel to Florida, maybe once or twice per year to stay with friends who have a condo there for a week or so at a time.

So …. do you think I’m ready to retire at 60?  Any insights are appreciated.  Thanks for your time.

Steven G.

Thanks for your email Steven G.  It seems like you’ve done well with the emergency fund, killing debt, and investing in lower-cost products to help build your wealth.

Whether you can retire soon (I think you can with some adjustments by the way … see below) will require a host of assumptions to be made in addition to your details above.  This is because all plans, including any for retirement, are looking to make decisions about our future that is always unknown.

To help me make some educated decisions if you can retire on your own with a lower income, I enlisted the help of Owen Winkelmolen, a fee-for-service financial planner (FPSC Level 1) and founder of PlanEasy.ca.

Owen has provided some professional insight to other My Own Advisor readers in these posts here:

What is a LIRA, how should you invest in a LIRA?

My mother is in her early 90s, she just sold her home, now what to do with the money?

This couple wants to spend $50,000 per year in retirement, did they save enough?

Can we join the early retirement FIRE club now, at age 52?

Owen, thoughts?

Owen Winkelmolen analysis

Mark, I echo what you wrote above.  When it comes to retirement planning there are a few important considerations that we always want to review.  You’ll see those assumptions for Steven below.  There are also tax considerations.  Taxes will be one of the largest expenses for many retirees and Steven’s case is no different. In fact, living in Nova Scotia unfortunately means that Steven will be paying the highest tax rate in the country for his income level.  Let’s look at some assumptions first so we can run some math:

  • Assume income (today) of $60,000 per year (pre-tax).
  • OAS: Assume full OAS at age 65 $7,217/year.
  • CPP: Assume 35 years of full CPP contributions (ages 25-60) and a few years with partial contributions
    • CPP at age 60 = $8,580/year.
    • CPP at age 65 = $13,967/year (assumes future contributions in line with $60,000 income and includes new enhanced CPP benefits as of 2019).
  • Assume ETF portfolio with average fees 0.16%. Good job on VCN Steven!
  • Assume $85,000 in available RRSP contribution room.
  • Assume $13,500 in available TFSA contribution room.
  • Assume birthdate Aug 1, 1959.
  • Assume assertive risk investor profile.

Based on Steven’s current employment income, I’ve gone ahead and estimated that he will be paying around $14,000 in income tax each year (give or take depending on tax credits, etc.) At this income level Steven is paying the highest tax rate out of any province in Canada. Ouch … but reality. Continue Reading…