General

Everything owned by Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway

Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway, which just held its first live annual meeting since Covid hit.

By Akshay Singh

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

You’ve probably heard of the multi-billion dollar company Berkshire Hathaway, owned by mega-billionaire and philanthropist Warren Buffett, but what does Berkshire Hathaway do exactly?

Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is a conglomerate holding company, meaning it does not produce goods or services and instead has a controlling interest in and owns shares of other companies to form a single corporate group.

That leads us to our next question: What companies does Berkshire Hathaway own to make it one of the most valuable companies on the planet? The team at Indyfin turned to the 2021 Berkshire Hathaway annual report to create this compendium of all of the Berkshire Hathaway companies. The holding company has a controlling interest in more than 60 companies and partially owns another 20 on top of that. You’ll recognize a lot of brand names from a wide variety of industries that make up the impressive Berkshire Hathaway portfolio.

Does Berkshire Hathaway own one of your favorite or most-used brands? Check out this roundup of Berkshire Hathaway companies from Indyfin to find out.

What Is Berkshire Hathaway?

Berkshire Hathaway is an American conglomerate holding company with a market cap of US$774.24 billion, making it the seventh most valuable company in the world. What is a conglomerate? A conglomerate is a combination of businesses from a variety of different industries that operate as a single economic entity under one corporate group. Conglomerates are usually large and multinational and generally include a parent company and many subsidiaries. The “conglomerate fad” was big in the 1960s due to low interest rates, rising prices, and a decline in the stock market, which led to large corporate conglomerates like Berkshire Hathaway forming. The parent company in this scenario is also referred to as the holding company, as it holds a controlling interest in the securities of all of the other companies. Holding companies do not produce goods or services; instead, they own shares of other companies to form a single corporate group. Holding companies are beneficial because they reduce risk for shareholders and can hold and protect assets like trade secrets or intellectual property.

What Does Berkshire Hathaway own? Continue Reading…

Why it might be time to rebalance the 60/40 Rule

 

Investors follow the 60/40 rule because they are told bonds will protect capital while equities grow it. Why recent drops in bond prices should make us reconsider that rule. 

 

 

By Paul MacDonald, CIO, Harvest ETFs

(Sponsor Content)

From the moment they start putting money in the market, investors are told to follow the 60/40 rule. It is the broadly accepted wisdom that, for an average retail investor, a 60% allocation to equities and a 40% allocation to bonds will result in a robust portfolio. Equities should deliver growth prospects in the long term while bonds will offset downsides in equities by delivering uncorrelated returns. Bonds preserve capital, and equities grow capital. That’s the accepted wisdom. 

Countless investment fund issuers have packaged this logic into their balanced funds. These funds offer a specific allocation to equities and bonds, usually in line with the 60/40 rule, forming the core of a retail investor’s portfolio.

The problem with accepted wisdom is sometimes circumstances turn it upside down. In the past months we have seen volatility in equity markets and a significant drop in bond prices. That is because the investment landscape has changed. 

Why are bond prices dropping? 

After over a decade of historically low interest rates, followed by massive rate cuts by central banks at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation has begun to set in. With rising inflation comes pressure on central banks to raise rates and market expectation that rates will rise, which is itself pushing interest rates higher.  Continue Reading…

Why Canadian Small Caps should be a small part of your portfolio

We think that small caps should not make up the bulk of your diversified portfolio — but you can benefit from making the best Canadian small cap stocks a smaller part of your holdings.

We generally feel that most investors should hold the bulk of their investment portfolios in conservative securities from well-established companies. This means holding a total of 15 to 25 well-established, dividend-paying stocks, chosen mainly from our “Average” or higher ratings, and spreading your holdings out across most if not all, of the five main economic sectors.

However, some investors choose to add more aggressive or speculative stocks to their holdings in their pursuit of bigger, faster gains. That can involve holding some of the best Canadian small stocks.

Understanding how we look at the best Canadian small cap stocks

We recommend a number of small-cap stocks in our Power Growth Investor newsletter, and we comment on others in our Inner Circle mailings, in response to questions by members. We also recommend some higher-risk investments in our Spinoffs & Takeovers publication.

Our Aggressive Growth Portfolio selections in The Successful Investor and Wall Street Stock Forecaster tend to be more highly leveraged and more volatile than our Conservative recommendations, and they can give you bigger gains and bigger losses. Their higher risk may be due to financial leverage, or to the risks facing their industry or particular situation. Still, our Aggressive Growth stocks are typically less aggressive than the picks in, say, our Power Growth Investor newsletter.

We can be wrong on any of our stock recommendations, of course. When we’re wrong on an aggressive stock, losses are likely to be larger than on a well-established stock.

Ultimately, the percentage of your portfolio that you should hold in either conservative or aggressive investments depends on your personal circumstances. An investor with a longer-time horizon or without the need for current income from a portfolio can afford to invest some money in aggressive stocks.

We look at many stocks before singling out our aggressive favourites, and we try to choose those with as much underlying value and as many hidden assets as possible. This is the best way to cut risk for conservative and aggressive investors, alike. Continue Reading…

4 strategies for coping with rising Taxes

By Elke Rubach    

Special to the Financial Independence Hub    

While various government programs have helped many individuals and
businesses during the pandemic, the looming tax filing deadline of April
30th has Canadians facing the harsh truth about how much income they really generate, how much they spend and how much they owe in taxes in a year.

If you are concerned about the prospects of a rising tax bill and want to stay ahead of the curve, we highlight some tax strategies that may help.

 

4 Strategies for optimizing your taxes

Effective tax planning is highly dependent on your personal situation, so there is no one-size-fits-all solution. However, here are four strategies that may be useful in optimizing your tax situation:

Estate freeze

An estate freeze can be used to defer the realization of taxable capital gains in the value of a family business. After a properly structured freeze, any further growth in the company’s value will accrue not to the owner, but rather to their successors or to a discretionary trust set up as part of the freeze.

Estate freezes have many potential benefits, including locking in probate tax liabilities, locking in a purchase price for a business, providing retirement income and strengthening creditor protection.

Capital losses

Stock markets around the world have plunged during the pandemic, and despite some strong rebounds, many investors have stock portfolios with unrealized losses. In some situations, it can be beneficial from a tax perspective to sell holdings and trigger capital losses to offset capital gains.

Capital losses can be applied retroactively up to three years and carried forward indefinitely. However, there are restrictions on how such losses can be applied, so any decisions should be made with advice from a tax professional.

Prescribed rate loan

A prescribed rate loan allows individuals with high marginal tax rates to transfer investment income to family members with low marginal tax rates. Under this strategy, the high-income earner makes a loan to a family member or a family trust, which invests the money and earns investment income. The high-income earner receives interest payments at a rate prescribed by CRA (currently 1%) while the remaining investment income can be distributed to the family member(s) and will be taxed at their lower tax rate.

Spreading corporate losses

Owners with multiple businesses are not allowed to directly consolidate their profits and losses across their corporate group to minimize their overall tax bill. However, there are permissible tax strategies that can be used to spread at least some corporate losses and achieve similar outcomes. Management fees are one example, although there are restrictions on how this strategy can be applied. Continue Reading…

Will Budget 2022’s proposed tax hurt Canadian financial services stocks?

By Ian Duncan MacDonald

Special to the Findependence Hub

In the 2022 Federal budget a surtax of 1.5 per cent on bank profits over $100 million was proposed along with a one-time 15 per cent charge on income above $1 billion for the 2021 tax year.  Canadian banks are already among Canada’s largest taxpayers.

The six largest of Canada’s banks accounted for more than $12 billion in tax revenue and more than double that in dividend income.  They contribute 3.5%, or over $65 billion, to Canada’s gross domestic product. Over 280,000 are employed by these banks.

When Toronto-Dominion Bank’s chief executive, Bharat Masrani, recently stated that a proposed corporate tax rate increase that targeted financial institutions ““could lead to unintended consequences,” you could see the battle lines being drawn.

The pawns in this high-stake battle looming on the horizon are the millions of Canadian pensioners, charities, endowments, mutual fund investors, bank shareholders, pension funds, RRSP investors and others dependent on bank dividend payments.  The banks will do their best at every opportunity to frighten their 34,000,000 customers with dire predictions of the harmful, personal financial consequences these proposed taxes will cause.

The banks have your phone number, your e-mail address, and your street address.  Every time you deposit or withdraw funds, I would expect them to remind you of how you are being impacted by the proposed taxes. Every bank statement could carry their message their message that the tax is hurting you more than them. They are far better organized and motivated than the civil servants.

The stakes are huge.  The Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) would likely pay the most, an estimated additional $334.7 million. The Toronto-Dominion Bank would pay about $285.5 million, the Bank of Nova Scotia (Scotiabank), approximately $191.9 million, the Bank of Montreal would owe about $137.9 million, the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce around $120.2 million, and the National Bank around $42.0 million.

The Federal government is already anticipating the pushback. It has stated they will not tolerate “sophisticated tax planning or profit-sharing” by the financial institutions to dilute the new measures. As well, new “targeted anti-avoidance rules” will be put in place.  The federal Financial Consumer Agency of Canada will be policing any “excessive” fee passed on to customers to offset the cost of the new corporate tax measures.

One thing to propose this tax, another to implement it

It is one think to propose such a tax.  It is another thing to implement it.

Canadians tend to take their long-established, successful banks for granted. They have no idea that out of the thousands of banks in the world, their banks are in the top 35 of the safest. These are banks that dwarf any of the banks that rank ahead of them. In North America they are the top six safest banks.  As commercial banks, they are in the top 18 of the safest banks.

What impact will the battle over the taxes have upon your shares in financial service companies? The taxes are still too hypothetical to base investment decisions on. All we can do now is work with the current financial information that is available.

In a March, 2022 an article that appeared in the publication Investment Executive, by Daniel Calabretta, was  headlined, Financial services firms in a good position to weather expected market volatility.”The article was not directed at investors’ main concern.  Investors want to know ”For the long term, which Canadian financial service companies should  you consider adding to your investment portfolio?”

Charts in the Investment Executive article showed a comparison between 2020 and 2021 of “Assets, Revenues, Net Incomes and Earnings Per Share” for 40 financial service firms.  However, whether these figures went up or down from one year to the next does not really address which of these companies are expected to provide share price gains and an increasing dividend income for investors. Thirty-seven of the forty stocks did pay dividends.

Speculators only control share prices.  The experienced executives of these 40 companies, through their revenue and expense decisions, control profits.  From profits come dividends.

There are many financially weak, marginally profitable companies who can motivate speculators to buy their shares based only on promoting the potential for eventual profits and skyrocketing share prices. There are also many financially strong, profitable companies that are ignored by speculators.

That constant debate between thousands of optimistic speculators who think a share price is going rocket up and the thousands of pessimistic speculators who think the same stock’s share price is going to crash makes accurate predictions of future share prices impossible. A stock can not be bought by a speculator until another speculator who owns the stock is prepared to sell it upon receiving an attractivebid from a buyer. To accommodate such investment uncertainties, wise investors, diversify their share ownership among the stocks of different sectors to account for unpredictable speculator bids.

The Great Canadian Financial Stock Challenge

Which of the shares of these 40 Financial Industry stocks would you confidently buy if you could review an Excel spreadsheet with the following additional eleven facts that go beyond assets, revenues, and net income?  Continue Reading…