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A sophisticated guide to drinking Tequila: Mexico’s national drink

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A bottle of Siete Leguas Reposado Premium tequila at Chapala Beach

By Billy & Akaisha Karderl, RetireEarlyLifestyle.com

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

For most people in the United States and Canada, Tequila is a very misunderstood drink.

Images of college spring-break kids shooting shots, chanting “one tequila, two tequila, three tequila, FLOOR!” and wet T-shirt contests, with a headache the next morning usually prevent sophisticated people from pursuing the mysteries and finer pleasures that the National Drink of Mexico offers.

Let me help you with this, because there is so much to enjoy about this beverage. If you decide that you want to try tequila gently and possibly include it in your cabinet of fine liquors, take advantage of our simple guide below.

Your world will open.

Only choose 100% Blue Agave tequilas

Simply put, stay away from Mixtos and look for the 100% Agave denotation on the bottle.

A Mixto label might say “made from agave” but it won’t advertise 100% Agave. Mixtos have a lot of additives, other sugars, and impurities and these are the things that will give you a hangover the next morning.

If it doesn’t say 100% Agave, move on to the next bottle.

100% Pure Agave clearly marked on this bottle of Reposado tequila

Three main styles – Blancos, Reposados, Anejos

Blancos: Generally, blanco tequilas are not aged, and have a fiery taste to them. Since all fine tequilas are meant to be sipped (like a fine cognac), if you are not inclined to a fiery POW! in the mouth, then for your initial purchase, we recommend that you move straight to the Reposados or an Anejo, for the smoother and sweeter flavor.

Reposados: These tequilas are aged in American or French white oak barrels for up to one year. Because of this aging, the intense fire of the drink has been somewhat mellowed, and you will taste the characteristics of the barrel. Most Reposados will have a golden color to them and a pleasing, slightly sweet flavor.

Anejos: Tequila that has been aged in a barrel for up to 3 years has been softened. It also will carry the distinguishing characteristics of the wooden barrel in the liquid and will be slightly sweet as well.

 

Many styles, many names, many bottles of tequila. All of these are premium 100% agave tequila

Sip / Don’t Shoot it down

Tequila is made from an indigenous plant unique to Mexico called agave. The soil in which the agave grows affects the taste of the end product. It can be sweet, spicy, fruity, earthy or woody. Also, if the agave has met with drought or weather variations, that can also affect the plant and therefore, the taste. This is similar to grape production for wine making.

Producing tequila is a centuries-old tradition handed down from generation to generation, and each distillery has their own way of accenting the flavor of their particular brand.

If you shoot down tequila in one open-throated gulp, you miss all the delicious complexity of the agave flavor. You are also disrespecting the centuries of hand-crafted quality that the Master Distiller has brought to his tequila.

Sipping is recommended.

 

A typical tequila tasting at La Altena Distillery, Arandas, Mexico

First find a small wine glass, champagne flute or a brandy snifter.

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A Look into Tax Debt in the United States

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By Mike Brown

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Despite the financial harm it causes to many, tax debt, or the difference between taxes owed and paid, is an issue that does not receive much coverage compared to other forms of consumer debt like student loan, mortgage, or credit card debt. 

At the end of fiscal year 2018, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) reported that there were 13.1 million delinquent taxpayer accounts. The combined tax debt in the United States is an estimated US$527 billion, with US$381 billion of that coming from federal taxes and the rest from state-based taxes. 

If a tax debt case goes unresolved, the consequences can be severe, including things like wage garnishment, asset seizure, or an international travel ban. 

Even with its considerable size and consequences, tax debt goes under-reported, but hopefully a new report published by LendEDU and Solvable will help raise awareness. Analyzing over 75,000 unique cases of tax debt, LendEDU’s report broke down tax debt by state, in addition to the most common reasons for tax debt in each state.

New Mexico posts lowest average Tax Debt, Vermont the highest

The national average tax debt was US$16,489, and 16 states had a figure below the average, while 29 states and Washington D.C. had higher-than-average tax debt.

New Mexico’s average tax debt of US$13,878 was the lowest in the country; following closely behind New Mexico was West Virginia ($14,325), North Carolina ($14,657), and Louisiana ($14,731). 

On the other end of the spectrum, Vermont’s average tax debt of US$28,862 was the highest and was in the same neighborhood as North Dakota ($23,671), Wyoming ($21,095), and South Dakota ($21,071). 

Regionally, states in the Northeast, Midwest, and West generally had very high tax debt, while states in the South had average tax debt figures on the lower end. 

Main Reasons for Tax Debt include Back Tax Penalties and Divorce

A consumer can fall into tax debt for a variety of reasons, like underestimating how much in taxes he or she owes or not accounting for income made as a freelancer. Continue Reading…

Retired Money: David Aston’s The SleepEasy Retirement Guide

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My latest MoneySense Retired Money column is one of the first review of financial writer David Aston’s first book, The SleepEasy Retirement Guide. The subtitle bills the book as answering “the 12 biggest financial questions that keep you up at night.” Click on the highlighted text to retrieve the full column: Good News — Your RRSP is probably in better shape than you think.

Aston is a long-time freelance financial writer, and is also a MoneySense writer. I got to know him when I was the editor and always enjoyed editing his popular Retirement column in the magazine. Now 63, after a corporate career spanning management consulting, corporate financial planning, and operations, Aston turned to financial journalism, which he has now been doing for 12 years.

As I note in the review, I had a small role to play in the creation of this book, since I introduced David to the publisher: Milner & Associates Inc., which is also the publisher of Victory Lap Retirement, coauthored by myself and Mike Drak.

In the case of Aston’s new book, I have to say it seems to have been a good piece of literary matchmaking. In due course, we hope to run some excerpts and/or blogs from David here on the Hub.

A nice feature of the book are the many charts and tables that spell out just how much money you need to accumulate to retire at various ages, whether a “barebones” el cheapo lifestyle, or a high-end luxury one defined as $100,000 in annual income for couples ($80,000 for singles) or the vast swath of retired lifestyles in between. Whether you’re single or half of a couple, all the numbers you need to project finances into your future golden years are there. For most of the calculations in these charts, Aston created simple Excel spreadsheets.

No need for $1 million unless you want a deluxe Retirement

Financial writer and author David Aston

And, as is often made clear at MoneySense.ca, you don’t necessarily need $1 million to retire, although you will need that much and more if you are counting on a deluxe retirement with all the bells and whistles (exotic travel once or twice a year, two cars in the garage, eating out regularly, etc.). Continue Reading…

These two Canadian equity ETFs hold most of Canada’s best stocks

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Today, we look at two Canadian ETFs that hold many of the Canadian stocks we recommend for 2019. iShares S&P/TSX 60 Index ETF and iShares Canada Select Dividend Index ETF mirror, respectively, sub-indexes holding the 60 most-heavily trades stocks and 30 of the highest-yielding dividend stocks on the Toronto exchange. Each of the Canadian ETFs represents a low-fee way of holding many of the country’s best stocks

Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are set up to mirror the performance of a stock market index or subindex. They hold a more or less fixed selection of securities that represent the holdings that go into calculating the index or sub-index.

ETFs, including Canadian ETFs, trade on stock exchanges, just like stocks. That’s different from mutual funds, which you can only buy at the end of the day at a price that reflects the fund’s value at the close of trading.

Prices of Canadian ETFs are quoted in newspaper stock tables and online. You pay brokerage commissions to buy and sell them, but their low management fees give them a cost advantage over most mutual funds.

As well, shares are only added or removed when the underlying index changes. As a result of this low turnover, you won’t incur the regular capital gains taxes generated by the yearly distributions most conventional mutual funds pay out to unit holders.

Note that the best Canadian ETFs generally practice “passive” fund management, in contrast to the “active” management that conventional mutual funds provide at much higher costs. Traditionally, Canadian ETFs stick with this passive management: they follow the lead of the sponsor of the index (for example, Standard & Poors). Sponsors of stock indexes do from time to time change the stocks that make up the index, but generally only when the market weighting of stocks change. They don’t attempt to pick and choose which stocks they think have the best prospects.

This traditional, passive style also keeps turnover very low, and that in turn keeps trading costs for your ETF investment down.

In contrast, there are a lot of Canadian ETFs that have been created to tap into popular, but risky, themes and fads. So, you need to be very selective with your ETF holdings.

Theme investing has a natural appeal. It simplifies things. Investors like it because they feel it can put their investment returns into overdrive. Some also feel it adds fringe benefits to their investing, by letting them support social or environmental objectives. Brokers also like it because it gives them a rationale to recommend a variety of stocks.

When you focus on theme investing, however, it’s easy to overlook the fundamentals.

Below we update our advice on two Canadian ETFs — both of which we like — and both of which follow the traditional, passive style we recommend.

HARES S&P/TSX 60 INDEX ETF $24.99 (Toronto symbol XIU; buy or sell through brokers; ca.ishares.com) is a good low-fee way to buy the top companies listed on the TSX. Specifically, the fund’s holdings represent the S&P/TSX 60 Index. It focuses on the 60 largest, most heavily traded stocks on the exchange.

The ETF began trading on September 28, 1999. Its MER is just 0.18%; it yields 2.9%.

The S&P/TSX 60 Index mostly consists of high-quality companies. However, it must ensure that all sectors are represented, so it holds a few companies we would not include.

The fund’s top holdings are Royal Bank, 8.3%; TD Bank,
7.8%; Enbridge, 5.3%; Bank of Nova Scotia, 4.9%; CN Rail, 4.9%; Suncor Energy, 3.6%; Bank of Montreal, 3.5%; TC Energy (formerly TransCanada Corp.), 3.3%; Brookfield Asset Management, 3.1%; and BCE, 3.0%.

iShares S&P/TSX 60 Index ETF is a buy.

ISHARES CANADIAN SELECT DIVIDEND INDEX ETF $24.97 (Toronto symbol XDV; buy or sell through brokers; ca.ishares.com) holds 30 of the highest-yield Canadian stocks. The ETF also considers dividend growth and payout ratios to make its selections. The weight of any one stock holding is limited to 10% of the fund’s assets. Its MER is 0.55%, and the ETF, which began trading on September 28, 1999, yields a high 4.5%.

Most market indexes are set up so that the stocks in the index are those with the highest market capitalization and are also the most widely traded. However, the iShares Canadian Select Dividend Index ETF focuses on the 30 stocks that it sees as having the highest dividend yields; it also considers their prospects for dividend growth and sustainability. That means this ETF is more actively managed than, say, the iShares S&P/TSX 60 Index ETF. As a result, its MER is higher.

The fund’s top holdings are CIBC, 8.0%; Royal Bank, 6.5%; Bank of Montreal, 6.0%; Bank of Nova Scotia, 5.4%; BCE, 5.1%; TC Energy, 5.1%; TD Bank, 4.8%; Laurentian Bank, 4.6%; Emera, 4.2%, National Bank, 4.1%; and IGM Financial, 3.9%.

iShares Canadian Select Dividend is a buy.

For a recent article on two foreign ETFs that can benefit Canadians, read Two international ETFs offer timely diversification for Canadian investors.

Do you think ETFs are a better investment than mutual funds?

Pat McKeough has been one of Canada’s most respected investment advisors for over three decades. He is the founder and senior editor of TSI Network and the founder of Successful Investor Wealth Management. He is also the author of several acclaimed investment books. This article was published on July 15, 2019 and is republished on the Hub with permission. This article was originally published in 2016 and is regularly updated.

Bank of Canada ends 2019 with a Rate Hold. What does this Mean for borrowers in 2020?

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Bank of Canada

By Penelope Graham, Zoocasa

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

The final rate announcement from Canada’s central bank has come and gone: and it appears that the cost of mortgages and other forms of variable-rate borrowing are to remain stable well into next year.

The Bank of Canada (BoC) opted to leave its trend-setting Overnight Lending Rate (which consumer lenders use to set the pricing of their variable mortgages and lines of credit) at 1.75% on December 4th.  The rate has held status quo since October 2018, and makes the BoC somewhat of an outlier when it comes to monetary policy; many central banks around the world, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, cut interest rates this year to counter growing U.S.-China trade tensions, as well as the growing threat of recession.

A positive take on the Canadian economy

However, the BoC has maintained all year that while global economic instability remains a key risk, it feels confident enough in both the international and domestic economies to avoid adding stimulus. Of course, tweaking interest rates is a key tool the BoC has at its disposal in times of economic need; by keeping the cost of borrowing lower, it encourages continued consumer spending and helps avoid a credit crunch.

While a number of economists and analysts anticipated at least one downward rate cut in 2019, that never materialized. In its December announcement, the central bank stated, “There is nascent evidence that the global economy is stabilizing, with growth still expected to edge higher over the next couple of years.” It also adds that while the risk remains, a potential recession has become less likely, and that there is reason for optimism as Canada’s economy is stabilizing.

The December report outlines that end-of-year growth has progressed largely in line with what was forecasted in October, with consumer spending rising 1.3%, as well as upticks in business investment and wage growth. As well, the BoC’s most important metric, core inflation, stayed near its 2% target, and is expected to remain in that range over the next two years. As long as that remains the case, it’s unlikely the BoC will be prompted to cut or hike rates in the near future.

Lower rates to spur Housing demand in the New Year

With little chance of rate movement in the short term, what does that spell for Canada’s housing market? In what is somewhat of a self-fulfilling prophecy, the BoC included strengthening real estate activity as one of the main contributors to economic growth, further supporting its platform to keep rates at their current historical lows. Lenders have been able to keep their variable-rate offerings deeply discounted, while fixed mortgage rates have been kept down by especially low yields in the bond market.

That’s led to a boom in cheaper credit and mortgages over the course of 2019, which has fueled growing home-buyer demand; while the federal mortgage stress test did help tamp down some borrowing activity by requiring applicants to qualify for higher rates, the shock impact of the measure has largely been absorbed.

Housing Agency calls for home sales and prices to rise through 2021

That’s a trend that will continue over the next 12 to 24 months, according to several analysts. For example, Capital Economics has forecasted national house price growth will rise at least 6% in 2020 due to low mortgage rates, as well as a growing gap between housing supply and demand. Continue Reading…