Victory Lap

Once you achieve Financial Independence, you may choose to leave salaried employment but with decades of vibrant life ahead, it’s too soon to do nothing. The new stage of life between traditional employment and Full Retirement we call Victory Lap, or Victory Lap Retirement (also the title of a new book to be published in August 2016. You can pre-order now at VictoryLapRetirement.com). You may choose to start a business, go back to school or launch an Encore Act or Legacy Career. Perhaps you become a free agent, consultant, freelance writer or to change careers and re-enter the corporate world or government.

No surprise: the best retirement investments are the same as for everyone else

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We recommend that you base your investing for retirement on a sound financial plan relying on the best retirement investments.

One thing investors of all ages fear is not having a good financial plan in place so they have enough retirement income to live on once they’ve stopped working. Looking for the best retirement investments, addressing this concern is usually a high priority for many of our Successful Investor Portfolio Management clients.

Four key factors to consider when investing for retirement

  1. How much you expect to save prior to retirement;
  2. The return you expect on your savings;
  3. How much of that return you’ll have left after taxes;
  4. How much retirement income you’ll need once you’ve left the workforce.

Our portfolio diversification approach gives you strong potential for long-term gains  

If you diversify as we advise, you improve your chances of making money over long periods, no matter what happens in the market.

For example, manufacturing stocks may suffer if raw-material prices rise, but in that case your Resources stocks will gain. Rising wages can put pressure on manufacturers, but your Consumer stocks should do better as workers spend more.

If borrowers can’t pay back their loans, your Finance stocks will suffer. But high default rates usually lead to lower interest rates, which push up the value of your Utilities stocks.

As part of their portfolio diversification strategy, most investors should have investments in most, if not all, of these five sectors. The proper proportions for you depend on your temperament and circumstances.

For example, conservative or income-seeking investors may want to emphasize utilities and Canadian banks in their portfolio diversification, because of these stocks’ high and generally secure dividends.

More aggressive investors might want to increase their portfolio weightings in Resources or Manufacturing stocks. For example, more aggressive investors could consider holding as much as, say, 25% to 30% of their portfolios in Resources.

However, you’ll want to spread your Resource holdings out among oil and gas, metals and other Resources stocks for diversification and exposure to a number of areas.

Stick with conservative estimates to account for unforeseen setbacks

As for the return you expect from investing for retirement, it’s best to aim low. If you invest in bonds, assume you will earn the current yield; don’t assume you can make money trading in bonds.

Over long periods, the total return on a well-diversified portfolio of high-quality stocks runs to as much as 10%, or around 7.5% after inflation. Aim lower in your retirement planning — 5% a year, say — to allow for unforeseeable problems and setbacks.

Above all, it’s important to remember that while finances are important, the happiest retirees are those who stay busy. You can do that with travel, golf or sailing. But volunteering, or working part-time at something you enjoy, can work just as well. Continue Reading…

How Property Investment can help you reach Findependence (Financial Independence)

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By Rebecca Lee

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Financial Freedom is a way for anyone to escape the grind of the 9-5 work life to live the life they desire without relying on anyone else for money. Almost all of us trade our time for money to pay our bills, eat, travel and live in general. Without trading our time, it would be impossible to pay for the things we need and want. Many of us are stuck doing this until we have just enough to retire late in life.

Those who find financial freedom, AKA Findependence, do so by acquiring assets that generate wealth on their own. As the saying goes, “don’t work for your money, make it work for you.” One of the most popular types of these assets is real estate. Here’s how you can achieve financial freedom through real estate investment.

Have a strategy

Financial freedom, what it is and how to achieve it is different for everyone. Everybody has their own needs and wants and will require a different amount of cash flow to live on. Therefore, you must have a personalised strategy based on your income, savings and liabilities.

Without a plan, you won’t know what opportunities to take advantage of and what ones to pass up on. A strategy that’s designed for you will help take the emotions out of your decisions, avoid making mistakes and minimise risk.

Get the mindset

Wealth creation and investing requires a certain mindset to be successful. A lot of people are selling “Get rich quick” schemes but unless you get super lucky, this is not a realistic approach. Real estate in particular is a long-term investment game.

Real estate investors understand that their wealth will grow not overnight, but over years of gradual growth. Understanding this and knowing yourself enough to be able to commit to such a long-term plan is key to reaching financial independence. Investing in real estate isn’t as simple as buying property and waiting for its value to grow. Continue Reading…

Challenging conventional investment wisdom

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By Noah Solomon

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Many investment professionals tell their clients:

  • That markets tend to rise over the long-term.
  • To “hang in there” and “sit tight” during bear markets because they will eventually recover their losses.

While we agree with the first assertion, we wholeheartedly disagree that investors should sit idly through bear markets based on the notion that they will eventually live to see a better day. Rather, we strongly believe that a dynamic approach that adjusts to changing markets can provide superior long-term results.

The table below illustrates this by showing what happens to $1M invested in two different portfolios:

Portfolio A Portfolio B
Year 1 -30% -5%
Year 2 +30% +5%
Year 3 -30% -5%
Year 4 +30% +5%
Sum of returns 0% 0%
Value at end of year 4 $828,100 $995,006

 

Since the returns over four years add up to 0% for both portfolios, many people assume that the final value of each portfolio at the end of year 4 should be $1 million. However, as the last line in the table indicates, this is far from true.

Portfolio A, which is more volatile, declines in value by $171,900, while portfolio B, which is less volatile, suffers a decline of only $4,994.

The observation that two portfolios can have the same sum of returns over 4 years yet have significantly different values at the end of the period can be explained by the mechanics of compounding. After experiencing a 30% loss, a $1 million portfolio is worth only $700,000. Unfortunately, a subsequent 30% gain will only bring the value of the portfolio back to $910,000, which is still $90,000 less that its starting value. However, when a $1 million portfolio experiences a 5% loss, its value is $950,000, and a subsequent gain of 5% will bring its value up to $997,500, which is only $2,500 less than its starting point. Continue Reading…

Retirees can sell most of their stocks as they approach Retirement

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By Dale Roberts, for Boomer & Echo

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Retirement can be a scary time for retirees who have considerable and even modest portfolios. We want to protect those assets. And certainly the risk tolerance level for most retirees will drop considerably. And that risk tolerance level will often drive the bus with respect to your allocation to bonds and cash and other risk management techniques you might put to work.

While the order of returns does not matter considerably in the accumulation stage, when we enter retirement we face that sequence-of-returns risk. Years of poor stock market returns early in the retirement funding stage can permanently impair your portfolio and your retirement. And in fact the risk to retirees begins well before that retirement start date. On Cut The Crap Investing I wrote on that with You Should Protect Your Retirement Portfolio Long Before Your Retirement Start Date. [This also ran subsequently here on the Hub.] Have a read of that article and you’ll see that the Retirement Risk Zone is typically qualified as 5 years before retirement and your first 5 years in retirement. We have to be careful as we approach retirement and in those first few years.

Can a near retiree almost completely de-risk the portfolio and sell a large percentage of their stocks? Sure, it may be emotionally pleasing, but with less stocks in hand it may slightly compromise late accumulation stage portfolio growth. That said, the most important part of it all might be that comfort level and that stress reduction event that comes with greatly lessening that stock component. And let’s face it, some near retirees who’ve planned well and who are lucky enough to have a generous defined pension plan might not need much or any inflation-beating portfolio growth. We’re all snowflakes when it comes to retirement funding, we are all entirely unique in our needs and our situation.

But let’s look at a scenario where a retiree does need their personal portfolio to work very hard; they are counting on that portfolio to deliver a generous component of their ongoing retirement funding needs. It’s time for those hard-earned monies to work for them. On the ‘rule of thumb’ spend rate for portfolios see my Boomer and Echo guest post:  The 4% Rule: Is There A New Normal for Retirees?You’ll read that historically a retiree with a sensible mix of stocks and bonds can spend at the rate 4%-4.5% of the portfolio value each year, with an adjustment or increase each year to compensate for inflation.

Given that we want some growth in the later stages of accumulation and we need that growth component to potentially earn returns above that 5% range, we do not want to abandon that Balanced Portfolio model, we still need those stocks.

To manage the risks, we want to keep that nice mix of Canadian, US and perhaps International stocks to work in concert with that bond component. And the most conservative range that we might move to is 80% to 70% fixed income. That’s a very conservative mix of course.

The returns might be muted but you might be able to eek out 3% income from your fixed income component (a mix of bonds and GICs) and perhaps if stock markets continue to deliver 9-10% annual you must see a returns breakdown such as this:

  • 70% of portfolio @ 3% = 2.1%
  • 30% of portfolio  @ 10% = 3%

That might give you a return in the 5% annual range if the stock market ‘rally’ continues and the bond market does not come under pressure.

Now it’s time to dollar cost average back into stocks

OK, so you’ve largely de-risked but you want and need your portfolio to work as hard as possible. When you hit that retirement date you can begin to increase your stock exposure over time. You might become a retiree stock ‘dollar cost averager’. Yup, you’ll employ the tried and true technique that many of us employ in the accumulation stage: you’re going to add to your stocks on a regular schedule.

You’ve de-risked and then you begin and continue to add risk. They call this an equity glide path. And this has been described and studied in detail by retirement funding rockstars Wade Pfau and Michael Kitces. Here’s their White Paper on the strategy. Continue Reading…

How much does it cost to Retire?

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Photo: Elena Saharova, Unsplash
By Steve Lowrie, CFA

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Hey, it worked.  Last month, I posted “What’s on your mind?” asking you to tell me what financial questions I could help you resolve.  Many thanks for your replies!

I’ll start with one good question posed, because it probably crosses everyone’s mind with increased frequency over time:  How much money do I need to retire?

Since I’ve been a financial professional now for more than two decades, I feel well qualified to answer that question.  The answer is:  It depends.

Okay, I realize that isn’t a very helpful answer, even if it’s the truth.  Let’s dig a little deeper.

From a purely quantitative perspective, there are several rules of thumb in common use.  For example, some say if you’ve got 20 or 25 times your annual income in reserve that should do it. Others suggest you’re ready to retire if you can withdraw no more than 4% of your investment portfolio each year.  So, if you have $1 million in your investment accounts, you should plan to withdraw no more than $40,000 annually in a “successful” retirement.

These and similar guidelines offer a decent starting point.  But bad luck happens.  Even if you’ve diligently saved up 20 times your income, if you happened to retire on the eve of a bear market or if you encounter large unexpected expenses, your handy rule of thumb could end up poking you in the eye. Continue Reading…

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