Building Wealth

For the first 30 or so years of working, saving and investing, you’ll be first in the mode of getting out of the hole (paying down debt), and then building your net worth (that’s wealth accumulation.). But don’t forget, wealth accumulation isn’t the ultimate goal. Decumulation is! (a separate category here at the Hub).

Why Innovation promises to be a consistent tailwind for Healthcare sector leaders

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Photo courtesy Harvest ETFs/Shutterstock

By Paul MacDonald, CIO, Harvest ETFs

(Sponsor Content)

As the MRNA winners of the COVID-19 vaccine race turn their sights to illnesses like shingles and the flu, investors and analysts are renewing their focus on innovation in the healthcare sector. If a technology like MRNA can conquer endemic illness and even go on to combat cancer, what other lifechanging innovations could the healthcare sector provide us with? What opportunities could those innovations open for investors?

The healthcare innovation story is wider, deeper, and richer than MRNA to me. The healthcare sector has been innovating since human beings first started to treat illness. It is a sector built on the use of the scientific method to develop novel solutions to new and ancient problems of human health. Healthcare companies, by nature, push the limits of human knowledge to heal people. That means innovation in the space is a near-constant.

In the healthcare sector large-cap companies play an outsized role. These firms have the scale to innovate a wide range of products and services on their own and are well positioned to capture value from innovations initiated by smaller-scale companies. Our view that these large-caps serve as the fulcrum of healthcare innovation underpins the Harvest Healthcare Leaders Income ETF (HHL).

When we think about large-cap healthcare, we have to see these companies as innovators. They are always innovating on their own, but they’re also the companies that have the ability to extract value from innovation by smaller-cap firms in the sector.

Within HHL we own the dominant companies in the sector, companies with tremendous R&D platforms across subsectors.

How one ETF captures a universe of healthcare innovation

Those subsectors include pharmaceutical companies finding new avenues for MRNA, but they also include the biotech companies like Abbot Labs using phones to better monitor diabetes patients and the med-tech companies like Stryker developing robotic surgery assistants to power less-invasive operations with better outcomes. They even include healthcare providers like United Health, using and developing new technologies to provide better and more efficient patient care. HHL is set up, through a basket of 20 of the best large-cap healthcare companies, to capture healthcare innovation in almost all its forms.

That diversity of innovation is why a large-cap ETF like HHL is so well positioned in the space. We should emphasize that healthcare innovation will generally follow one of two paths. The first is that headline-grabbing, game-changing, blockbuster innovation. That would happen when one company is able to completely change the outcomes for an illness or condition that hasn’t seen much significant improvement. A major leap in Alzheimer’s treatment would be one such blockbuster. Continue Reading…

Book Excerpt: Lessons on Mastering Money

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By Fred Masters

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

We are in the midst of a personal financial crisis in this country from coast to coast to coast.  The Bank of Canada has been sounding the warning alarm for years that Canadians are taking on way more debt than they can afford.  Many are suffering in silence since we just don’t talk about money, and we certainly don’t teach about it.

The goal of my book Lessons on Mastering Money is to empower you – Canadian adults in their 20s and 30s ─ with the core personal financial literacy knowledge needed to control your money on your life’s personal financial journey.

No one should care about your financial well-being more than you.  Delegating your financial decision-making to another person, such as a family member or an advisor, leaves you financially blind.  You need to be able to ask the right questions and stay involved in the conversations; you need to be at the table so as to understand the decisions.

Success in any organization can often be traced back to strong leadership.  Surely, you have witnessed this in your life in countless settings.  Once you view your financial life as a very, very important business, then you will instantly recognize that you must put steps in place to financially prosper. Look in the mirror: the person staring back at you owns your financial success.

Mere Hope isn’t going to cut it

By the way, ‘hoping’ for the best financial outcome isn’t going to cut it; you need to understand the financial game because you play it every day of your adult life, and this is one game that we can all win!

There are many personal financial hurdles to overcome in life.  Three of the biggest financial tests are saving enough for retirement, saving for the kids’ education and solving the housing-affordability puzzle successfully.  These three are crucial.  You MUST pass all three of these major financial tests or you will struggle mightily with your financial life: getting just one right or even two of the three right is just not good enough.

You need to get 100% right on this test, and this book provides help with all three of these pieces.  Saying that Canadians struggle with debt is a total understatement; there’s help here for this too.  A recurring mistake that many Canadians make financially is leasing a brand-new car: there’s guidance around this also.  Getting a handle on how you think about and approach your personal finances – your money mindset ─ is really bedrock learning; all good financial decisions lead right back to this. The book begins by teaching you these key money mindset lessons.

6 major thematic sections

The format of the book aligns with the biggest personal financial hurdles that Canadians face.  It is broken down into six major thematic sections: Continue Reading…

TFSA contribution limit and overview

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The federal government kept the annual TFSA contribution limit at $6,000 for 2022: the same annual TFSA limit that we had since 2019. It’s still good news for Canadian savers and investors, who as of January 1, 2022, have a cumulative lifetime TFSA contribution limit of $81,500.

The Tax Free Savings Account (TFSA) was introduced in 2009 by the federal conservative government. The TFSA limit started at $5,000 that year: an amount that “will be indexed to inflation and rounded to the nearest $500.” The TFSA limit is expected to increase to $6,500 in 2023.

TFSA Contribution Limit since 2009

The table below shows the year-by-year historical TFSA contribution limits since 2009.

Year TFSA Contribution Limit
2022 $6,000
2021 $6,000
2020 $6,000
2019 $6,000
2018 $5,500
2017 $5,500
2016 $5,500
2015 $10,000
2014 $5,500
2013 $5,500
2012 $5,000
2011 $5,000
2010 $5,000
2009 $5,000
Total $81,500

Note that the maximum lifetime TFSA limit of $81,500 applies only to those who were 18 or older as of December 31, 2009. If you were born after 1991 then your lifetime TFSA contribution limit begins the year you turned 18.

You can find your TFSA contribution room information online at CRA My Account, or by calling Tax Information Phone Service (TIPS) at 1-800-267-6999.

TFSA Overview

The Tax Free Savings Account is a flexible vehicle for Canadians to save for a variety of goals. You can contribute every year as long as you’re 18 or older and have a valid social insurance number.

That means young savers can use their TFSA contribution room to establish an emergency fund or save for a down payment on a home. Long-term investors can use their TFSA to invest in ETFs, stocks, or mutual funds and save for the future. Retirees can continue to save inside their TFSA for future consumption or withdraw from their TFSA tax-free without impacting their Old Age Security or GIS.

Unlike an RRSP, any amount contributed to your TFSA is not tax deductible and so it does not reduce your net income for tax purposes.

  • Your contribution room is capped at your TFSA limit. Excess contributions will be taxed at 1 per cent per month
  • Any withdrawals will be added back to your TFSA contribution room at the start of the next calendar year
  • You can replace the amount of your withdrawal in the same year only if you have available TFSA contribution room
  • Any income earned in the account, such as interest, dividends, or capital gains is tax-free upon withdrawal

How to open a TFSA

Any Canadian 18 or older can open a TFSA. You are allowed to have more than one TFSA account open at any given time, but the total amount you contribute to all of your TFSA accounts cannot exceed your available TFSA contribution room.

To open a TFSA you can contact any bank, credit union, insurance company, trust company or robo-advisor and provide that issuer with your social insurance number and date of birth.

The most common type of TFSA offered is a deposit account such as a high-interest savings account or a GIC.

You can also open a self-directed TFSA account where you can build and manage your own savings and investments.

Qualified TFSA Investments

That’s right: you’re not just limited to savings accounts and GICs. Generally, you can put the same investments in your TFSA as you can inside your RRSP. These types of allowable investments include:

  • Cash
  • GICs
  • Mutual funds
  • Stocks
  • Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)
  • Bonds

You can contribute foreign currency such as USD to your TFSA. Note that your issuer will convert the funds to Canadian dollars. The total amount of your contribution, in Canadian dollars, cannot exceed your TFSA contribution room.

If you receive dividend income from a foreign country inside your TFSA, the dividend income could be subject to foreign withholding tax.

Gains inside your TFSA

Some investors may be tempted to put risky assets inside their TFSA account to try and earn tax-free capital gains. There are two advantages to this strategy: Continue Reading…

Behavioural Issues with Variable Asset Allocation

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By Michael J. Wiener

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

 

I recently adopted a specific type of dynamic asset allocation for my personal portfolio.  I call it Variable Asset Allocation (VAA).  It only deviates from my original long-term plan when the world’s stocks become pricey, but any time you change your long-term investing plan, there’s the possibility you’re just looking for a smart-sounding justification for giving  in to your emotions.

It’s certainly true that I’ve been concerned for some time that stock prices are high and that the chances of a stock market crash have been rising.  But I know better than to join the chorus of talking heads predicting the imminent implosion of the stock market.  I don’t know what will happen to stock prices in the future.

I’m not tempted to just sell everything and wait for the crash.  It’s possible that stocks will keep rising, and when they finally do decline, it’s possible they’ll remain above today’s prices.  It must be sickening to wait for a crash that doesn’t happen.  This would have been the fate of someone who decided 5 years ago that prices were too high and sold out.

Waiting for a Crash that never comes

Whenever an investor sells completely out of stocks, the problem is when to get back in.  Sometimes, it’s a significant market decline that causes investors to sell all their stocks in fear.  Then they have to decide when it feels safe enough to buy back in.  Too often, they wait until prices are much higher than when they sold.  The same thing can happen to those who sell because they think stock prices are too high.  They can sit in cash waiting for the big crash that never comes.

So, could some form of this happen to me with my VAA?  The answer is no, but only if I follow VAA strictly.  With VAA, if my portfolio’s blended Cyclically-Adjusted Price-Earnings (CAPE) ratio exceeds 25, I add CAPE minus 25 (as a percentage) to my bond allocation.  For example, when the blended CAPE of my portfolio sits at 32, I add 32-25=7 percentage points to the bond allocation I would have had if the CAPE were below 25.

If stock prices rise, the CAPE rises, and if my bond allocation rises enough to trip my rebalancing threshold, I rebalance from stocks to bonds.  However, given that I’ve chosen to adopt VAA, selling stocks is easy because that’s what my emotions are already telling me to do. Continue Reading…

Are Financial Advisors really ready for a serious downturn?

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https://advisor.wellington-altus.ca/standupadvisors

By John De Goey, CIM, CFP

Special to the Financial Independence Hub

Clients facing a big, sustained drop in the markets might not listen to advice that worked last time

I recently listened to an excellent podcast hosted by my friend Preet Banerjee, who had my acquaintance Dan Bortolotti as his guest. Much of the conversation was about Dan’s fantastic new book, Reboot Your Portfolio, but the topics bounced around a bit, and I was left with a sense of dread about the overall mood.

Listeners got a glimpse into what it is like to give advice to retail clients, and some of the anecdotes about the life of an advisor I thought were particularly telling. Discussion around the fear felt by investors and advisors in the five or six weeks when COVID-19 first hit was harrowing, but I couldn’t help but think that advisors listening in might be misled.

In the past decade or so, a narrative about the role and value of professional advice has included behavioural coaching. The term can include such value-added activities as topping up RRSPs, getting wills written, naming proper beneficiaries, integrating taxes and other valuable things. But the one thing that always seems to top the list is the notion that advisors add value by encouraging clients to remove the emotion from decision-making. This helps clients take a long-term view focused on personal life goals.

While I agreed with almost everything said in the podcast, I was concerned by what wasn’t said. There was a lot of self-congratulation about advisors navigating their clients through the major market drawdown in early 2020, as if it were a given that this would always be the case.

In truth, that drawdown was the shortest bear market in history. As bear markets go, a walk in the park. Mr. Bean could have provided enough comfort and counsel to keep clients invested in that market. While there is nothing wrong with giving credit where credit is due, I think the podcasters were too congratulatory to mainstream advisors. There was also a reference to the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, and both podcasters agreed that it was far harsher than the 2020 experience. Again, the story was that good advisors can help emotionally driven clients stay on course when things get choppy. They can – but that’s not necessarily the same as they will.

Comparing downturns

That attitude I heard is likely based on what they’ve seen and done in their careers – and those careers embody a time of relative stability. Few advisors today were working in finance during the bear market of 1974 when the OPEC oil embargo crashed markets. In addition, the one-day drop of more than 20 per cent in 1987 was a blip of sorts, but markets were still up that calendar year.

So, the only significant bear markets most people reading this have lived through were: 1) at the turn of the millennium (aka the dot.com bubble), and 2) the global financial crisis. Both were medium-sized drawdowns. But what if we experience something earth-shattering? How will we react? Nobody knows.

If you claim to play a role in modifying behaviour constructively, you will also be prepared to stand up and take your lumps should that behaviour not be what you wanted nor expected.

Here is what I mean by “medium sized.” In the first one, it took about seven years for the S&P 500 to return to its previous level; the index stood at around 1,500 in April 2000 and didn’t return to that level until October 2007. While the previous high was technically reached, it was only a few weeks before the trend reversed and markets began to fall back again. The S&P 500 didn’t get back to the 1,500 range again until February 2013. There was a dip and return, closely followed by a second dip and return, and the net effect was the entire market went sideways for more than 13 years.

Most people refer to the early 2000s as two distinct drawdowns experienced back-to-back, but I would describe both as medium-sized drops. Either way, the net effect, excluding dividends, was no market growth for more than 13 years. Continue Reading…